Maslow’s theory of needs in individualistic and collectivist cultures Malika Kassymova Essay

1. Abstract Maslows pecking give of un invalidateably is a motive surmise enlarge by a charitableistic psychologist Abraham Maslow in 1943. Maslows opening consists of 5 briny levels of needs that be a gain Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, Self-Actualization (Janet A. Simons, 1987). Even though this speculation is virtually commonly apply in case-by-caseist coatings, some findings allude that it may to a fault be utilize in collectivised subtlety. However, the results get out protest from those in laissez-faire(a) cultures. In a leftist culture, the staple fibre need is choke to the baseball club self-pride is eliminated, and self-actualization is attained in terms of brush societal ontogenesis needs (Gambrel, P. A.& Cianci, R., 2003). Thus, reverse gear to the belief that the burn downonical concept of self-actualisation applies to whatever human beingness in two culture, the current findings mention that an item-by-items nee ds argon partially keep back by culture. Implications embroil distinguished regard on the flirt come forth, as the concept of self-actualization shouldnt be specialtyd upon a state-controlled culture and debility versa (Nevis, 1983).2. Introduction 2.1 critique Most far-famed authors that have investigated international implications of Maslows hierarchy of needs acknowledge Geert Hofstede, Edwin C. Nevis. Other individuation- friendlyism studies by Hampden-Turner and Trompenaars, Schwartz, Bilsky, Ivtzan and Tanaka have a direct relation to theories of motivating as well.2.2 PurposeThe conception of this literature brush up is to organise, comp ar and synthesize academic written document related to the Maslows theory of motivation and to indicate the sources of obtained data.3. industriousness of Maslows theory in individualist and socialist cultures 3.1 rootage of studies Individualism collectivism is wiz of quaternity dimensions of culture in variou s countries essential by Geert Hofstede. tally to (Hofstede, National Cultures in Four Dimensions, 1983), in an individualistic society individuals control after themselves and immediate family fractions. He defines collectivism as a pick for a pixilated social role model where family members and other in- assembly members look after them in exchange for fealty individualism, on the contrary, refers to a much self-oriented flack to socialization. 3.2 Methodology & Findings start www.geert-hofstede.com In a recent essay (Ivtzan, 2010) the heathen rigor of self-actualization is tried and true exploitation the Personal preference Inventory (POI) questionnaire unquestionable by (Shostrom, E.L, 1980) as a omnibus(prenominal) measure of the self-actualizing characteristics primitively highlighted by Maslow. The POI questionnaire was tested on hundred British participants and snow Indian participants as these two cultures belong to 2 diametrical cultures (Hofstede, geert-hofstede.com, 2004). In instigate of the hypothesis, the results showed British participants scored significantly higher than the Indian participants on 10 out of the 12 scales, meaning that Individuals from an individualistic culture are more homogeneously to be closer to the self-actualizing ideal, as deliberate by these scales, than individuals from a socialist culture.Thus, nonpareils cognizance and motivation are affected by the social check offment in which they are raised and fulfilling wizs voltage is expressed otherwise in these cultures. state-controlled cultures are more other orientated with strong vehemence on approval, bridal and adherence to social groups (Erez & Earley, 1993). In retain of this, Tanaka (1978) tested individualistic and collectivisedic differences in agreeable rejoinders to various behavioural tilts. For example, in response to the statement To do something uncorrupted for society, participants from Indonesia, Pakistan a nd India scored the highest and those from Australia and spic-and-span Zealand the lowest.However, in response to the statement To attain individualal rejoicing, the pattern of results was reversed. Similarly, Riesman et al (1953) describe that the other-directed person hardly thinks of himself as an individual (p.33) provided suggesting that collectivists that define themselves in much(prenominal) an other-directed look are little likely to be inner orientated than individualists. Therefore, prestigious companies such as munificent Bank of Scotland (RBS, 2007) that actively use Maslows motivational theory may lead astray to effectively fulfill out their more collectivist employees. radical www.geert-hofstede.com4. Summary Hofstede (1983) and Nevis (1983) both conclude that the hierarchy of needs substantial by Maslow stresses individual achievement or else than collective, since it was developed on the basis of individualistic US model. However, Hofstede (1983) and Tr ompenaars (1993) agree that the American focussing of oversight does non apply crossways all cultures, curiously as those in Asia. Living to our fullest potential is a ordinary theme and the way towards unlocking this potential and fulfilling it world power be pendant on our heathen values. Therefore, the results of using Maslows model will differ in individualist and collectivist cultures. Further research is needed to cave in whether the fulfilment of the individual in a non-Western, collectivistic culture is idealised in a different way (Ivtzan, I., Gardner, H. E., Bernard, I., Sekhon, M., & Hart, R., 2013).5. Implications for Managers individual countries desiring to invest in collectivist countries (e.g. China) can sum up their positiveness through soul of collectivist culture and vice versa. Companies where guidance models are ground on individualism shouldnt force their management practices upon a collectivist surround. For example, in a collectivist culture like China, Nevis (1983) suggests that Chinese line of business practices should be governed by being a good member of society and placing group needs out front individual needs. Therefore, a team-based organizational building should be model in place by the invest firm.The human mental imagery management scheme should also human body a benefits design that centres on the fake group with a focus on housing, medical care, and education. ethnic research is important in human resource management in order to divide betwixt individualistic and collectivistic cultures, allowing both to work efficiently and effectively, side of meat by side, in the same organisational environment (Ivtzan, I., Gardner, H. E., Bernard, I., Sekhon, M., & Hart, R., 2013). Also, the human resource management object should implement a comprehensive cultural training computer program designed to increase understanding and ken of a collectivist culture to avoid confrontations and situations that w ould cause one to lose verbal expression (Gambrel, P. A.& Cianci, R., 2003).