UK National Health Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

UK discipline Health Services - Essay ExampleThe UK National Health Services has long delivered treat and familiar wellness programmes through primary care. The community oriented primary care based on command practice populations and other wellness workers has debatably been able to make a significant headway against all betting odds mainly because of failure of primary care population failing to assume responsibility and proactive will power of the process involved in improving the health of the population. The ideal would have been tailoring the primary care according to the local needs to a personalized care.Despite predominantly biomedical and humanist orientation, customary practice in the United Kingdom has long been infused with knowledge and skills traditionally associated with public health medicine. The philosophical system involves protecting, maintaining, and generating good health through a combination of individual and family assessments and provision of a suppo rtive environment.This policy, to be able to be successful, demands closer working relationships between the public and the professional and the system acting as an integrating catalyst between the two and the policies building the ground rules for close collaboration and exchanges. The clinician in this mannequin has essentially dual responsibility in the sense that he needs to devise and implement antecedent measures to reduce the risk of a future illness inwardly the guidelines of the manikin as well as to treat the disease in case of an incidence. Assuming the responsibility of both community and clinical affair is painstaking since this calls for establishment of a new alliance between the health professionals and patient population to co-produce health in a joint venture. Unfortunately even though, this is sound theoretically, practically, the market-oriented reforms in the health services in an attempt to redefine and strengthen the discipline of health services did not help much to mitigate the perceived the decline in the quality of care. This happened essentially due to a fault in the framework itself. The desired result and improvement was never achieved since the internal market within the service framework tended to weaken the roles of health authorities and practitioners. The public health professionals sought to develop strategic planning and purchasing functions within the health authorities mainly to remain in control as they were, and in contrast, the fund holders push aside the constraining disciplines of needs assessment and service evaluations (Majeed, A., 2003).Child Health Services It is important to consider barbarian health services in the framework. It is an important indicator for quality of care services. United Kingdom health services pay particular attention to the children in need. Children in need are defined as those who will be unable to achieve and maintain a reasonable standard of health or those whose health or dev elopment is likely to be significantly impaired or further impaired without services. This puts in place services for the children in need, for the children with disabilities, with family difficulties, and with poverty. Using school health as an example, the problems are know to be encountered liaising with the education

To write a case discussing the following using the succession issue in Study

To write a discussing the following using the date issue in the article as a filter - Case Study ExampleThis short(p) paper looks at some of the important considerations before Mr. Perez can make up his mind.Although Mr. Buffett and his co-manager, which is Mr. Munger, have twain agreed that Mr. Todd Combs fits t successor criteria for their successor, the market did not react very favorably. In fact, on the date of their announcement of an heir apparent, the stock price of the Berkshire Hathaway shares had slumped by 1.3% on the news (Ng, Pulliam & Zuckerman 1). Obviously the market is not as avid about Mr. Combs as both(prenominal) Mr. Buffett and Mr. Munger are.There are several important issues that must be determined in full satisfaction for such an important matter as succession as a fund manager of several billions worth of investments. In particular, the markets did not share their confidence in Mr. Combs purported power to make the same investment decisions as Mr. Buff ett had made over the years to build his Berkshire Hathaway into a solid giant in the investment world. A memorandum-letter that follows in the next pages details some of the crucial considerations to baffle at a sound risk assessment.Greetings and good day It has come to our attention that you are fire to make an investment in Berkshire Hathaway but is concerned about the succession issue at the plastered once Mr. Buffett retires soon. The firm had found a worthy successor in the person of a Mr. Todd Combs whom both Mr. Buffett and Mr. Munger had announced to a be a perfect fit. In this connection, here is our assessment of the investment risks elusive once Mr. Combs will take over the entire management of Berkshire Hathaways investing activities.Investment philosophy perhaps this is the most crucial issue or aspect whenever the issue of succession is discussed in all organization, more especially in an investment firm. In this connection, Mr. Combs was found by Messrs. Buf fett and Munger to fit exactly with the

Reflections on Experience with Second Life Essay

Reflections on Experience with Second Life - Essay ExampleBeing a downloadable client programme created by Linden Lab, San Francisco, United States gives the participants known as avatars an opportunity to affableize and interact with other people of the virtual community, exchange views, buy or sell land and present their talents to the community. As per the website of Second Life, presently more than three million people receive registered themselves with the community. With the growth of the broadband internet connections in particular in the United States, where there is an increase from 30 percent (2005) of the Americans having a high-speed connection at home to 42 percent in 2006 has enhanced the passion for participation in this virtual world. This writing attempts to narrate the experience on the environments encountered in Second Life, the potential social and political implications of this virtual medium and similarly the practicable future uses.As is being claimed by Second Life this unique digital world offers a hand out of opportunities to develop ones own skills by exhibiting what they are capable of creating. Especially people who are introverts and shy of coming together the other people in the real world can improve their socializing behaviour by interacting freely with other avatars of this virtual world. People can give concerts, draw pictures build houses and hotels and trade in any other commodities. All the trading transactions will be just akin as happening in the real world. Because of the three dimensional effect of the site, one gets a feeling that he is interacting with the fellow community member in real life. This gives ample scope for the development of specialized skills of in the public eye(predicate) speaking or playing musical instruments in front of an invited audience. People can shed their inhibitions. In Showcase-one of the environment of second life one can bring out his or her real talent to be appreciated by th e fellow avatars.Second Life provides another opportunity of real time sales meetings with the customers and it is possible to make customer presentations through this media. Distance learning is another possibility which would be a precise useful feature for the students to acquire a quality education. There are much more environments like business, property development and community interaction available in this virtual world which are distinguishably archaic phenomena that need to be evaluated by ones own personal encounter and experience.3.0 Social Variables Influencing Participation in Second LifeThe social variables generally influencing any issue of importance are the Family Structure, Ethnicity, Language, Demography, Educational standards. Employment Status, Crime rates, Cultural Factors, fill by community based organsiations, Lifestyle issues, Recreational factors, Psychological factors and Historical dependence. This part of the paper analyses the fix of some of these social factors on the participation in Second Life. Of all these variables, recreational and psychological factors may have more impact on the participation than other variables. The people who feel shy and having inhibitions to present themselves to others in the real world may be more susceptible to participation in this virtual world. as well people who have more time at their disposal for recreation may well be influenced by this engrossing multimedia interaction and may see this as a

The Appealing Nature of Formulating and Practical Strategies Personal Statement - 3

The Appealing Nature of Formulating and Practical Strategies - Personal Statement congressmanMy profound interest in Business and economics dates back to my teenage years. My father was an Economists. In the pass of trying to understand his field of work, I was fascinated by the complex security exchange art systems in which he spotlighted on. Also, I was fascinated by intricate economic platforms such as online enthronement hedge funds that were coming up at the time. Owing to my fascination with the subject, Economics as a discipline will equip me with adequate knowledge to master market functionality and enable me to develop skills inborn in my personal endeavors in the business world. The problem-solving aspect of effective management strategies further triggers my concealed curio in this course. I have gained a lot from my involvement in mingled student backup programs. During my final year in intermediate school, I was fortunate enough to secure an internship at a giant high-tech company in China last summer. All through my internship period, I served in both finance and administration departments. The chance provided me with a chance to understand how various systems work in concert within an organization to effectively enhance its overall performance. My attention climaxed during my field days where I got an opportunity to carry out financial modeling with some experts in the field. I was able to familiarize with policy formulation, an essential component of any institution. My school is described best as welcoming as its milieu enabled me to participate actively in all school activities, and I also organized and participated in various functions. As a part of the student council, I represented my faculty in most amateurish and sporting activities. I was a member of the school track team and during that period, I managed to secure several(prenominal) trophies.

Indian Gaming Act 1988 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Indian Gaming bit 1988 - Essay ExampleThe previous policies had left wing them in a responsibility of abject poverty and social disintegration in spit of the shelling of federal funds for massive welfare and social service costs. However, in order to make the indemnity of self determination work Indian tribes had to find new enterprises to replace the old economies of hunting and sportfishing no longer viable in the restrictive reservation environment. For some tribes, one path to part a new sustainable reservation economy was gaming. The Indian Gaming Act 1988 was designed to hand over parameters for tribes wishing to develop this industry with some degree of tribal control. Some tribes did not want to engross this avenue as it was against their cultural values. Other tribes were interested but were not allowed to pursue this activity in states which forbade it for all their citizens. (Gunn eNotes.) The IGRA represents a compromise between competing interests and powers of I ndian tribes, states and the federal governing. Prior to this, tribes had the right to engage in all forms of gaming irrespective of state laws. Many states had concerns about possible infiltration by organised crime. While Congress in 1988 did give some gaming rights to federally recognized tribes, it sought to appease state fears by insisting that profits from gaming activities be used to fund tribal government operations such as hospitals, schools, police and fire departments, make donations to charities and help fund neighboring cities. The IGRA divides Indian gaming into 3 classes. family one includes Indian gaming in connection with tribal ceremonies and is participated in socially for prizes of minimal value. This class is left to the exclusive jurisdiction of Indian tribes. Class 2 includes lotto and non banking card games where players bet against each other rather than the house. This is permitted in states allowing this type of gaming and the governing form of the t ribe adopts a resolution authorize by the chairman of the 3 member National Indian Gaming Commission created by the LGRA to monitor classes 2 and 3 gaming activities of tribes throughout the country. Under the Act tribes are primarily responsible for regulating class 2 gaming activities capacity to Commission oversight. Class 3 includes all other forms of gambling especially casino style. This class is subject to 3 conditions (1) it moldiness be in a state that authorizes this form of gambling, (2) the tribe must negotiate a partnership with the state concerning the nature and extent class 3 gaming the tribe may conduct and its regulation, approved by the secretary of the interior and (3) the tribe must have a tribal gaming principle approved by the chairman of the NIGC. The Seminole Experience The Seminoles of Florida correctly decided that the gaming industry was their path to exploitation a profitable tribal economy. They started off in 1979 with high stakes bingo and were a ble to set back Florida state laws against gambling ( Ewen 1996) The Seminoles then tried to expand their operations to casinos, prompting states including Florida to petition Congress to ordain the IGRA. The tribe then tried to negotiate a compact with Florida allowing them to operate and regulate casinos but the state refused to cooperate. Alleging bad faith, the Seminoles then attempted to sue the state in federal court as provided for in the IGRA, but this was disallowed by the Supreme Court on the basis that Congress had no authority to subject a state to the jurisdiction of a federal court . Some Seminoles consider this loss as a victory, arguing that it means that technically they only need NGIC approval to operate casinos. However, the

Statistical Foundations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Statistical Foundations - Essay ExampleThe study was conducted in order to netherstand which activities were taken concurrently by couples and which of those were separately done. Furthermore, it was the concern of the study to find out if activities conducted together by couples were more gratifying than those done separately by them. In order to find out the above objectives, the study was fitted to make exercising of diaries habituated to couples in order that they could provide information on the fiber of while and ways in which they could manipulate their affinity of succession in order to maximize their enjoy manpowert of it. Thus, the time diary analysis can significantly provide information on the domestic division of labour, the quality of time and couples significant ways on manipulating time to increase the proportion of enjoy adapted time (Sullivan, 1996). opposed any other studies, this study was able to make use of diary instead of survey questionnaires. The ar sehole line of this was to include the concept and important issues in sociology of emotions. The proponent of this study believed that it may be encompassed by the context of sociology of emotion when it strikes to creating an empirical link between the debates on the domestic division of labour and affectional relationship between couples (Sullivan, 1996). Detailed description of the statistical inference ... The first consideration of this study was the plectron of samples which primarily involved those coming from the whole population of married couples. However, the study was able to make use of stratified sampling considering that there were different categories of couples which primarily involved a.) young couples (under 40) with no children, b.) households with young children (youngest under five) and woman was employed, c.) households with young children (youngest under five) and woman was not employed d.) households with sr. children (youngest over five) and woman was employed, e.) households with older children (youngest over five) and woman was not employed, and f.) retired employees (Sullivan, 1996). This was all about setting parameters which in this case was trying to come up with information that the author of the study believed to have eradicated the probable bias in data gathering. The respondents who were couples were given diaries and out from them the following information were gathered the sequential pattern of activities for the entire day for both women and men, the proportion of mens and womens time spend in various activities, the proportion of that time spent doing the same activity as a spouse or known as simultaneous activity, women and mens enjoyment of different activities, and the enjoyment of different activities undertaken and non-simultaneously (Sullivan, 1996). Since there was no generally accepted rendering of enjoyment as discussed by the proponent based on the available related literature, the study was able to come up with enjoyment rating scale from 1 to 5, 1 - enjoying a lot, 2 enjoying a little, 3 neutral, 4

Research Methods Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

explore Methods - Coursework ExampleWhile on the other hand a research hypothesis is also relevant to the formulation of the report. Thus it is referred to as the assumption made by a researcher close the affirmable outcome of the study. A hypothesis of a study must be simple, theoretically clear and circumstantial (Kumar, 2005, p.75). Among the mentioned questions of the fibre, the to the lowest degree suitable for testing the hypothesis is the issue related to the opinion of the local population about the new facility. Hence the first question i.e. Q (b) is least suitable for hypothesis testing. The reason this has been cited as the least appropriate one is that the opinion of the local population is difficult to measure. Moreover it is also exploratory in nature. Hence a meaningful hypothesis cannot be formulated. Rather is must be guided by a clear sense of purpose. An Operational hypothesis states a quantifiable relationship among the variables. so the operating(a) hypoth esis for the mentioned questions is illustrated below- Operational hypothesis of Q a - Increased road traffic has raised the cast of road fatalities of large mammals because there is high pressure on the roads and less maintenance. Research concept for Q a - Case study approach of qualitative research design can be utilise in this case for the purpose of evaluation. Case study approach has been elect because it will provide an luck to have in-depth analysis of the matter within a stipulated time frame. Operational hypothesis of Q c - The arrangement of the factory will improve the conditions of the participating households, as they will be pecuniaryly benefitted. Research purport for Q c - Non-experimental design approach of numeric research design can be employed for this purpose. It has been chosen because non-experimental design takes into account the reliance of one aspect on the other. The aspects are establishment of factory and the financial condition of the households . Operational hypothesis of Q d - Improved mango variety will produce more(prenominal) pulp as it is scientifically processed. Research Design for Q d - Experimental design approach of quantitative research design can be chosen to test it. This approach has been chosen because hypothesis is found on experimental testing. Moreover experimental design also tries to change the outcomes of the participants. Operational hypothesis of Q e - Proximity of households to the road intensifies the supply of mangoes. Research Design for Q e - In this context once once more case study approach has been chosen to test the hypothesis. This will also reveal the fact that whether the nearness of road actually increases the supply of mango. (Word Count 494) Q2 Protocol for an Experimental Design A research communications protocol can be defined as the detailed plan of a study (Rch, 2008). Hence each research study must contain a well defined research protocol. Now the case is about a company namel y Country jams and Pickles who is planning to open a factory at a remote place for the production of pickles and jams. Consequently they will require adequate supply of fruits on time to maintain the flow of production. Therefore a study will be undertaken which will be principally focused to find whether supplying of free storage container to the farmers will increase the supply of fruits to the factory. Therefore according to the objective of the study hypothesis can be drawn as follows- H0

Project Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Managment - Essay ExampleResource-based view is a main contributor to a besotteds competitive advantage. It implies the use of both tangible and intangible visions of the firm, so as to cumulate attributes that let it outperform its competitors (Shrivastava, 1994).Resource-based view (RBV) is a major determinant during the selection a firms location. These resources include the firms assets, management skills, organisational puzzle outes and routines, and the information and knowledge it controls. To begin, the human resource is important for a firms success as it encourages convergence and interaction of operations strategy and human resource issue (Thornhill & Amit, 2003). The economics and finance of a firm largely depend on RBV. A firms return is hoisted depending on the resources at its disposal. Thus, in selecting a location, the firm should consider the possibility of positively charged returns in its new location, and this, however, may be hindered by the firms h eterogeneity (Barney 2001, 638). RBV is entirely, as well, a vital tool in expanding research and entrepreneurial developments in a firm. Through the entrepreneurial process of understanding market opportunities, and the coordination of innovativeness and knowledge in the firm, the firms inputs can be easily translated to varied returns. Thus, the firm gains a competitive advantage over its competitors (Barney, 2001, 639)The selection of a new location for a firm is supposed to be based on other factors like marketing and customer preferences. ever-changing to a new location may alter the utilisation of RBV resources, and this may have the effect of on the whole customer value creation or depreciation. Thus, RBV plays a big role in the determination of a new location for a firm. It may lead to a heterogeneous output for the firm if all the RBV resources are utilized with a prior market analysis (Belderbos et al., 2008)The design role in any(prenominal) firm

Total S.A. Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Total S.A. Company - Essay ExampleThe friendships upstream sector is seen to mainly consist of the come withs vast exploration projects for the output of natural gas and crude oil this is done alongside various gas and electricity developmental activities and coal mining operations. TOTALs downstream unit is seen to mainly focus on merchandise of petroleum products, their marketing as well as refining operations while its chemical part is seen to allow the production of various rubber products that are made by its Hutchinson subsidiary. The bulk of the rubber products produced by this subsidiary are usually mostly targeted at the automotive industry. Other chemical products that the company produces include resins, adhesives, inks and paints (Reuters, 2013).When the company was initially formed in 1924 after the first realism war, it was initially named as compagnie Françse diethylstilbesterol Ptroles. At the magazine of its formation , the cut government considered the company as being of sarcastic strategic importance in the event that there happened to be another war with Germany. After the war, the French secured a 25 percent stake in the by then fledgling Turkish oil colour company whose shares were mostly held by Germanys Deutsche Bank. ... He incorporated some parts of Orkem chemical grouping into Totals various chemical operations. The chemical division was responsible for the production of resins, inks, paints and adhesives. At the time of his taking over the companys chairmanship, Total company had slowly turned into a complexly organized, extremely bureaucratic and sleepy company and as a result, the company had inadvertently ceded its coveted postal service of being Frances largest oil company to its rival Elf Aquitaine. Serge managed to turn the company into an aggressive, more current and sleeker company by abolishing and estimated over two hundred Total company subsidiaries as well as closing down about one-seventh of all of th e companys service stations net income (company-Histories.com, 2013), this effectively resulted in the elimination of about 6.500 jobs and saved the oil company hundreds of millions of francs in various expenses. The company also formulated new strategies that helped it defocus its production form the more unstable Middle East and aimed to slope about 50 percent of all its production to areas outside the Middle East. By 1995, the insistence of Tchuruk on ensuring that the company ensured that it beefed up its gas business was instrumental in causing the company to become the worlds third largest gas producer (company-Histories.com, 2013). The companys name was later changed to Total in the year 1991 when company became listed as a public company and commenced trading on the New impart Exchange. Tchuruk played a critical role in convincing the French government to ensure that it reduce its direct share holding investment in the oil to 5.4% which was an important move that helped the company addition its own independence as well as its ability to act

Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organisational Behaviour - Essay congressmanIt is, however, vital to learn the placements background to delve any further. IKEA prides itself to be the most no-hit and largest furniture retailer in the world, and boasts provision of everything and anything for a home, having products suited for people of all ages, and all this at low prices. The company promises excellent value for money spent with all of their products designed with an emphasis on natural colours to bring a light and airy atmosphere within a home. This judgment is based purely on IKEAs Swedish origins, where people pride themselves in living in harmony with nature with simple home designs which offer maximum efficiency in all weathers (http//www.iamaceo.com/ marketing/ikea-brand-success-strategy/). IKEAs vision, to create a better everyday life for the many people is reportedly for the most part aimed at the global middleclass which is also evident from their business idea, to offer a wide range of tumefy desi gned, functional home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as realistic will be able to afford them (http//www.ikea.com/ms/en_GB/about_ikea/press_room/student_info.html). To achieve this global mission, IKEA is well known for having a rapid internationalisation process from its Swedish origins and its rapid expansion into countries with cultures very different from its original Swedish national culture (Hollensen, 2007). With 265 stores worldwide, where 235 are owned by the IKEA group while the remaining 30 by franchisees outside the group the extent of IKEAs expansion is obvious (IKEA, 2007). Although owned by franchisees in virtually countries, the IKEA concept and trademark are solely owned by mask IKEA Systems B.V in Netherlands. This means Inter IKEA Systems B.V is the franchiser for all IKEA stores within or outside of the IKEA group, ensuring uniformity of corporate values right from the centre (IKEA, 2007). Having looked into the governances backgroun d, it is now important to study Morgans metaphors, which can then be applied to the placement. Firstly, Morgan suggests that organisation theorists, after decades of comparing organisations as mechanistic entities, have moved to the biological sciences for more apt comparisons, where individuals, groups, organisations, populations or species of organisations, and their social ecology are paralleled with molecules, cells, complex organisms, species and ecology (Morgan, 2006, pg 34). The idea derived from drawing such comparisons is that certain species of organisation are adapted to certain external conditions just as certain species of organisms are to certain purlieus (Morgan, 2006, pg 33). much(prenominal) metaphoric views have changed the classical mechanistic focus on efficiency, and structure to the basic element of endurance with more emphasis on the organisation-environment relationship (Morgan, 2006 1998). This can be further complimented with modern environmental abrid gment methods like SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) and PEST (political, economical, sociological and technological) analyses, that have been developed solely for comparing an organisations internal abilities to the external factors that may or are affecting its survival and performance in that environment (Johnson et al, 2008 Kotler, 2003). Within the metaphor of an organisation as a living organism, Morgan introduces certain

Einhorn asserts that 'democracy stops at the factory gates'. What are Essay

Einhorn asserts that country stops at the milling machinery gates. What ar the limits to organisational democracy deep down market economies and what might a post-capitalist form of work organisation look like - Essay showcase moreover, it has been noted that the limit of democracy in the workplace has been out of the control of political leaders menses paper focuses on the examination of the aspects of democracy across organizations, or else, the organisational democracy. Through the research made on the existing literature, it has been proved that organisational democracy is reduced under the influence of the interests of employers on the other hand, the need for hire has been proved, in most cases, to be stronger than the need for fairer conditions of work. In this context, the phrase of Eihorn that democracy stops at the factory gates finish be characterized as justified. However, the limitation of freedom in its various aspects cannot lead to the limitation of the fight s for fair conditions of life entrepreneurial interests need to be satisfied at the level that each go-ahead is based on the entrepreneurs or the shareholders investment however, a balance should exist amongst the interests of all parties in the workplace the succession of the capitalist (by a post-capitalist) form of work organisation can be considered as inevitable this succession has been started the terms of this transition and the characteristics of the post-capitalist form of work organisation are also explained in this paper.In order to understand the role and the characteristics of national democracy it would be necessary to refer primarily to its definition in accordance with Salamon (2000, p.147) organisational democracy involves an interrelationship between participative democracy (membership appointment in policy formulation and decision making) and representational democracy (election of representatives to positions of government or leadership) organizational dem ocracy can refer to all aspects of organizational activities being depended on the organizational environment (internal and external) and the countrys political system and social ethics. The

Corporate Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

incarnate Planning - Essay ExampleThe Approach Building an alliance with the Business School, at university of Plymouth, the company seek a knowledge based partnership to identify strategic diversification opportunities for enhancing their service offerings, and reach. After great market study and audit of internal competencies, a three-year strategic business plan was formulated. Specific actions to ingeminate the presence of Pendennis staff in Boat Shows at Moscow and Dubai was taken. A new Marketing breeding System (MkIS) to support the client relationship management was also implemented. The company also participated in first-rate Yacht tour of excellence in 2005, sponsored the Falmouth week, and built professional linkages with Cornwall Marine Network.The Background HP is an sexagenarian company which started in 1938 and was subsequently incorporated in 1947. In year 2000 (pre-merger with Compaq), HP reported a revenue of $48,253 millions, employee strength of 84,400, and was ranked 13th in Fortune 500 companies (http//money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500_archive/full/2000/). Compaq virtually that time (in 1998) was in financial difficulties with 15000 layoffs (http//www.enotes.com/biz-encyclopedia/layoffs). Some major problems ailing HP pre-merger were (a) shrinking margins (b) slow in technology adaptation (c) needed strong complementary business lines.The Approach The famous merger of proficient giants (HP and Compaq) received worldwide accolades and criticism, but attention, nonetheless. The merger process went through many steps (Burgelman & McKinney, 2005)The Outcomes Literature reveals alter viewpoints, from success to horror stories. Despite the criticism, HP used the $25 billion merger to address rouge operational concerns in an effort to better react to a fundamental shift in client values. In the five years since merger, HP has more than doubled its shareholder

Dispersed Team Dynamics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dispersed Team Dynamics - enclosure Paper ExampleIt may be good for dispersed squads to hire external consultants to develop better leadership in the virtual squad environment. Such consultants are likely well aware of the digital technologies rather than face to face communication and team building methods to promote virtual team leadership. Buono (2004, p.144) reflects that the team leader can use the consultants expertise and experience to foster knowledge/ cultivation sharing in the workgroup environment. It is evident that the use of advanced technologies and hiring of external management consultants would incur additional be for organizations. In case of digital communication networks and other technologies, the organization needs to spend further for sustenance and updation purposes, and this situation may increase the general operating costs of the business. In addition, the company may befool to raise additional funds to finance face to face orientation meetings and o ther workshop programs designed to improve interpersonal communication among the team members. Although the virtual team development requires such additional investments, this initial spending would benefit organizations to improve the performance efficiency of teams and to increase the operating revenues in the long run. To be more specific, when mutual trust and communicative relationships are improved in the virtual team environment, the team members tend to engage more actively in their work tasks, and this situation may increase the overall employee productivity.

Goup Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Goup Communication - Essay Examplee individual communication as well as group communication include greeting, having ones stance on the give in of discussion, respecting others views and expressing ones own without offending others, avoiding unnecessary argumentation and dysfunctional conflicts, and maintaining a balance amid listening and speaking.Disagreement over a librate during discussion may lead to conflict. The main instruction to resolve such conflicts is to conduct a parley without using indecent or offensive language. The dialogue may not necessarily lead to a conclusion. In case there is a judge, the matter should be referred to him/her for decision. If there is no third party acting as a judge, it is better to transmute the topic of discussion.The aforesaid strategies of group communication can best be used with practicing more. For a motorcoach to use these strategies while addressing a group, his/her communication style should be tailored towards the groups tak e (Mitchell, 2012). Effective communication in a group requires use of emotional intelligence. One also has to be a bit articulate to conduct group

Guidelines for Communicating Emotions Effectively Essay

Guidelines for Communicating Emotions Effectively - Essay Examplee regular subjects of terrestrial discussions and just how well these feelings are articulated and recognized is essential to interpersonal associations and personal health and well-being. In the same way, in restorative contexts, improvement depends upon, among other stuff, just how articulately the client conveys his or her feelings and how by rights the psychologist comprehends and replies to these gestures. In this paper, we seize an interdisciplinary strategy to comprehending the verbal communication of emotion in some(prenominal) unalike contexts.All of the languages offer speakers with a cluster of verbal approaches for passing on emotions. In English, for instance, we certainly beget plenty of both literal (e.g., irked, upset, raging), and figurative (e.g., switching ones lid, whack a gasket) miens that ass be utilize to explain a technically unlimited variety of emotional states (Bush 432-435). Studies o f dialect use in psychotherapy similarly are replete with samples of literal and figurative miens for feelings (Bush 57).Emotions go profound and they are strong. Its doable to shake off control and vital that you get around them the ideal you can. There are many measures to go through to communicate emotions efficiently, and conveying emotions efficiently can be good for everybody (Johnson 153).Before you whitethorn convey your feelings, you really have to understand what precisely you are going through. Can it be cacoethes or anxiety? Joy or satisfaction? The very first thing you ought to do is travel everything down and figure out what the primary feeling is (Wood 234). Emotions can be found in packages. In fact, it is a very common occurrence to feel several emotions. however, determining the primary one can assist another person better know what is going on (Bush 57).Everyones way of feeling differs. Unhappiness, rage, explosive charge are all offered in numerous ways for e very person. Making the effort when youre not mentally activated to take into consideration your emotions

The personal growth i hope to gain from a college education at Monroe Essay

The personal growth i expect to gain from a college education at Monroe College - Essay ExampleCurrently, I am connected with Delta Airlines as part of the Aviation Operation Department. Although my education was delayed by my job, the plying experience taught me discipline and allegiance besides, the jobs were only a means to a higher end- education. These two values are important to me since I can apply them also in my studies here in Monroe College when I get accepted.I lettered about Monroe College when they came to the island where my job was located. The school had some seminar and I immediately got interested. Apparently, the school is welcoming even to non U.S. citizens corresponding me which is very comfortable to know. The celestial sphere of interest that I would like to pursue is data engineering science. I chose this field since I am really interested in how computers work as evident in my eldest job as a computer technician. Moreover, I desire that knowledge i n Information Technology can bring an impact to humanity by discovering more systems that will enhance peoples work productivity. Aside from the interest and some set of skills that would help me in pursuing this field, I believe that Monroe Colleges 75 years of teaching excellence would give me the expertise that I am anticipateing. The certification examinations that the college of Information Technology can give me a head start once I pass them. true education involves three players my parents ( who are very supportive), myself ( well-motivated), and the school ( Monroe College). Given these three factors that will probably work together, I am sure that when I become a student of Monroe college, I will seek academic

Medea and the Myth of Feminism Essay Example for Free

Medea and the Myth of Feminism EssayMedea the Myth of Feminism It is wholly males who are created promptlyadays by the gods and are given souls it is solo men who are complete hu homosexual beings and flush toilet swear for ultimate fulfillment the best a cleaning charr can hope for is to twist a man (Plato 90e). Euripides Medea was written in a time where even the word feminism did non exist and only he gave Medea a purpose of substance and a stature of strength. It is a wonder whether or non Euripides knew Just how much power he put into the hands of this woman as well as some more in the creation of her character. Perhaps non in his time and perhaps not y intention, only if since and then Medea the play and Medea the woman have filled a symbolic role in the area of feminism, the debate being for or against it. In countless cultures and streams of media, the woman stands timeless. What this paper intends to research is the levels of the per pissance and how t hey stack up to the psyche of feminism by framing Euripides possible intent, understanding conglomerate audience response to various productions, and finally studying Medea herself to see whether her roots of vengeance are in feminism or rather immorality.At the beginning of our quest we find the author, alive at a time in which antiquated Greece was overwhelmingly patriarchal, but where did Euripides find himself? Is it possible to suspect that he may have allied himself among other voices which held sympathy for the plight of women? Could he have been the model of a proto- womens rightist or was he a misogynist? In either case, Medea seems to be the situation to look. While pursuing her ambition, Medea disregards many of the distaff characteristics of the patriarchal Greek society.She questions the inequality of women, contradicts Jasons chauvinist beliefs, challenges the stereotype that women are weak and hands-off and ltimately totally disregards the feminine role of mot herhood. Euripides portrays a woman who completely subverts feminine norms, overcomes masculine bonds and, given that his depiction of Medea was extremely influential and replicated to some extent by most later authors, the Medea viewed as a figure of feminine power in modernity is at least in part dependent on Euripides (Mastronarde 52).Honing in on the text, one might examine Medeas at large(p)ing speech, a fine feminist harangue (Hadas 81), masking that, Medea has been treated unjustly by men, and her eloquent indictment of womens lot is never denied (Foley 265). This speech is the first entrance to Medea as a strong and independent woman, but the words are not hers alone. These lines have sometimes been seen as Euripides bitter reflections on his own isolation as an advanced and mental poet. at that place is much truth in this view, but the lines are also Medeas, the complaint of a woman of great in regulateectual capacity who finds herself excluded from the spheres of powe r and action (Knox 314). It is this exclusion that leads her to the insupportable action of sidesplitting her children, or is it so inexcusable? When focusing on Euripides intent one might see that Euripides made Medea herselt choose to finish off ner chi Idren as the hurtful part of her revenge against Jason. It perhaps sounds at first as if this might tell in favor of the idea that Euripides was hostile to women.But in fact it turns out to have sort of the opposite result, because of the way Euripides treats his material Euripides has created this new Medea who chooses to kill her own children. He condemnation the murderous accomplishment shows us with painful insight and utterly without mind of the woman who has the ability to do such a the torment before the final decision, the ultimate grief, and, here in he final scene, the inevitable results. Medea is now finally untouched, untouchable by human hands and by human emotions (March 35-36 43). By this evidence it would b et that Euripides has molded a woman for women.Unfortunately, while the presentation of this piece could certainly cause a provocation among male audience members, it equally might encourage greater suspicion and scorn by males of females. Euripides Medea questioned regular norms and beliefs, primarily those of the heroic masculine ethic, though perhaps at the expense of women, and not in their support. The essence of Euripides words cannot be eciphered simply by picking and choosing sections of the play to analyze. To understand his intent there is the ingest to understand the totality of the narrative as well as the audience he wrote for.Playing to a primarily male audience, Euripides does not introduce Medea immediately but has the chorus and nurse tell of her first, vainglorious the audience a misconception of Just how much power the woman holds. In fact supported by Medeas cries of anguish heard offstage she is first represented as emotional and submissive. By Euripides au thorial intent, he lulls the audience into a state of pity here there should be fear. Skillfully contrived is the choral passage in which we first hear the agonized voice of Medea from offstage.If we had been prepared to see a woman of monstrous power and witchery, a being of preternatural passion and resource, we are deceived (Musurillo 54). Medea is first painted as nothing other than what you would expect of a woman, a merit of pity though not empathy, nevertheless when first seen she shifts to reasonable and calculating. Returning to analyis of her first speech, one can more deeply apply what she is formula to her situation. Her eloquent first speech on the wrongs of women deceptively applies only in part to herself.For Medea is far from the passive dupe of marriage and masculine brutality that she claims to be (McDermott 259). Within the world of the play Medeas deception makes whizz in winning the approval of the chorus, however to spectators the mismatch of her words to he r situation carries a different meaning. It paints a new picture and a new woman who is willing to exaggerate and lie in coiffure to achieve her goals. It becomes clearer as the play progresses that Euripides initial ortrayal of Medea serves as a baseboard for growth from helpless to dangerous, agree to the audience reaction as it stems from pity to loathing.An quaint Athenian audience would have nominate humble to no fault in Jasons actions, by a public standard, Jason satisfied his marital obligation toward Medea and returned favor for favor by bringing her to Greece (Walsh 295). This leaves it to Medeas character to be the cause of any unsettlement. Her ultimate action of killing her children, makes her most territying, tor sne is not a victim and not vulnerablethat is, not teminineyet he has been set as and with other women (Rabinowitz 132). With this information, only fear is struck by Medea in the name of women.Regardless of Euripides intent, proto-feminist, misogynist, or most likely of all neither, his audience rests at the wrathful hands of a powerful woman, but empathy is unlikely. It is important however, to take into account various audiences beyond simply that of Euripides time. A present audience interprets a performance of Medea much differently than ancient Greeks would have and there are countless Medea inspired adaptations which ancient Greeks never had the chance to experience. It is these productions and these audiences that are next to be studied on the road to feminism.To approach from another(prenominal) end of the spectrum, a drastically different ardor of performance than that of western culture may be studied. Carol Sorgenfrei provides this with her 1975 work, Medea A Noh Cycle Based on the Greek Myth. Noh theatre, like many traditional Japanese theatre forms, prioritizes stylisation above realism in performance, a practice that aligns well with a fable of murder and revenge. The stylization draws away from the brutal acts, a llowing the audience a chance to accept Medea for her motives instead of emphatically condemning her. By adhering to the structure of Noh, Sorgenfrei creates a world where time, place, and gender are transcended in favor of heroic emotions and issues (Edelson 1). It is also worthy of note to state that Noh theatre is an all-male performance style (as it would have been in ancient Greece as well). One might take it upon themselves to understand by this knowledge that the theatre form is inherently sexist, yet, since the 1960s, theater practitioners have drawn on these traditional forms to rediscover feminine and feminist messages (2).Furthermore the stylization and art that go into the intricacies of embodying a female are no Joke within the ritualistic practice. As denoted in the title, Sorgenfreis piece is a cycle play referring to the louver different plays that would be performed in a traditional Noh performance. These plays are thematically based, in the order of God, Warrior , Woman, Frenzy, and Demon. Drawing inspiration from Noh style, Sorgenfreis Medea, develops the Medea myth through her plays five scenes, which progress through the different traditional categories despite the thematic linkage (2).As for the audience of this cross performance, it is no surprise that not only is it drastically different than that of Euripides and ancient Greece but also vastly different than that of Zeamis and the fifteenth century (the roots of Noh theatre). Sorgenfrei writes very consciously for a feminist audience in 1975. This retelling of the Medea myth from a female point of view in a beautifully feminine style of Japanese theatre, despite its male performance history, allocates the piece among cultural feminism, praising what is feminine while salvage acknowledging the differences among men and women.Feminine, however, is not the same as feminist. For that title we might analyze Medea in the fourth scene, the furore play, where Medea gives birth to herself as the Sun God. In one sense, the birth metaphor is emblematic of the mother/ miss bond, but its glorification of motherhood also implies that a womans self-fulfillment can best be succeed by fulfilling her biological capabilities (Dolan 30).Seeing as Medea is a mother to herself though, it would appear that Sorgenfreis intent is that, birth is a metaphor tor revealing ones true selt, becoming oneselt, independent ot a partner or arents. Not only does Sorgenfreis Medea serve as the antithesis to the glorification of motherhood, but she also subverts the concept of birth as something that can be successfully and independently accomplished without the aid of man (Edelson 6). If this switch is not convincing enough, then the transformation of Jasons character in the final demon play certainly thrusts the play into feminism.At this point in the cycle play Jason and the children reveal themselves as demons and, by displacing Medea and focusing solely on Jasons (and the childrens) tran sformation n Demon Play, Sorgenfrei forces the viewer to explore the cause of Medeas suffering instead of only investigating the effect of her actions (7). The audience, end-to-end Sorgenfreis production, due to the stylization of noh performance as well as the cycle transformations, is able to question Medeas prevail(prenominal) and her motives instead of assuming the worst from the start.Sorgenfreis as well as many other variations of Medeas tale open the doors to inquiry for viewers. As performances vary, so does the message of femininity, but it really comes down to the character herself and the motivation croup her actions. If her strength is solely for the sake of revenge then women lose merit, however if she acts in defiance to a patriarchal society she is a voice for feminism. In studying the woman we might discover hints as to whether or not she, as a character, is a feminist. The obvious first argument is that feminism is not an option for Medea as a character.The time period in which she is set in the play and in which her character was created do not allow such a term. However, for the sake of this paper and staying true to the idea that characters never die, it is now assumed that she is still alive oday and thus feminism exists. Now, to discover whether Medea is a feminist or not it seems vital to set aside any notions of her being simply a victim of patriarchy. To see her only as such is to exclude very important aspects of her character which tie her to humanity. It is her injustice that is relatable and takes her beyond a pitiable subject to be observed.It is the independence throughout her seeks that makes her more than two dimensions. Medea is a compelling character. Through plays, flashs, operas, paintings and novels, we have heard her story told again and again and e remain spellbound by her. Our fascination is not without reason, for Medea brings us face to face with darkness that lurks within anyone and catastrophe that can befal l any marriage. We watch and listen to her because she speaks to us of ourselves (Fuller 3). Her story is not uncommon, the treachery of a cooperator and the desire for revenge.This theme can be found reinterpreted within films such as War of the Roses and The firstly Wives Club. Both embody the spirit of Medea, the story of a woman who gives up everything for a man only to be left for a younger woman. So it s seen that the character lives and changes as time passes. What these film adaptations lack is the darkness that individualizes Medea and the accumulation of this darkness to the point of murdering her children. However, this theme too may be found in literature such as La Llarona and even in history such as the Andrea Yates trial.Its clear that Medea, even in her darkness, is an influence to art and to life, but another question rises in this darkness. By throwing her maternal nature aside does she also discredit the female race or does the strength it takes to murder ones own hildren become commendable? Motive is the question at hand and Medea does nerselt no tavors at tirst coup doeil . The decision to murder ner children in return tor the joy she will receive in witnessing Jasons anguish gives Medea gnomish respectability. It is precisely at this point, where rage and pain and revenge come together, that Medea creates a problem for feminism (5). She flaunts her immorality, presentation no remorse whatsoever for her actions. While it is admirable of a woman to overcome her situation, Medeas display of hardheartedness after the fact of murdering her hildren leaves her alone, independent, and selfish. On the other hand it is so difficult to grasp the understanding of killing a child and the action is so inconsistent with Medeas prior feminism. Her original revenge was upon Creon, Jason, and his bride.It is reasonable to remove based off this knowledge that Medeas hand was moved by the authorial intent of Euripides rather than by her own will. Per haps this was essential though, perhaps with a loss of darkness comes a loss of complexity and then what need would there be to discover why this troubled woman acted as she did. There would be no question of her feminist nature because there would be no care. A last note on Medea herself, she is not human, at least not fully. She is a mythical creature who by the end of the tale is taken into the sky by a chariot.So, take into account the action that takes place within other greek myths, birth from Zeus thigh, rape by Zeus in the form of a swan (among other animals). By these mythological standards is child murder something that can be Judged by mankind? By keeping in mind that Medea has a part of the divine within her, her actions become less of an atrocity and more of a symbol. Seen in this light, that Medeas are not the acts of a literal person but rather are symbolic, the child murders then become more understandable (11).Her children too then become a symbol of her marriage which is destroyed and thus the children must be destroyed. Seldom do women, let alone feminists, act out so much as to murder their children over the betrayal of their husbands, but divorces and custody battles do not stray too far from it. Medeas actions, when taken literally, may be unforgivable by a feminist society, but symbolically she hits right on target. Children become the athletic field for the arents rage and disappointment and most often they are the collateral damage in the marital wars (13).Medea lives on, struggles on with a voice unafraid to speak out against the wrongs done to her. This is the voice that feminists cling to while they void acknowledgement of the rash action of murder. When it comes down to it though, Medea is studied because she is relatable, darkness and all. In order for a woman to know herself, she must come to terms with her own capacity for darkness, rage, and power and this is what Medea has to offer. There has yet to be an adaptation in hic h she experiences the same pain and anger without the result of destruction, but maybe that is the standing lesson.Medea continues to struggle because women continue to struggle and as women evolve so shall she as she has before. In order to stand for women, it is not essential to be a model woman, only to continue on in the struggle, to continue fighting, and so she does.

Hydrotherapy Case Essay Example for Free

Hydr early(a)apy Case EssayIntroductionThis an nonated bibliography is base upon troika journal articles, completely of which reference point the question, is hydropathy as effective as kingdom based sour for pooh-pooh weapon conditions? Hydrotherapy, piss based play performed in a heated up puddle and will be analysed to determine whether it is an leave and ripe type of physical therapy.Search ProcessOnce the topic of hydrotherapy was of interest, keywords such as effectiveness of hydrotherapy and social welfares of hydrotherapy for humiliate limbs were sp polish offd in search engines such as Google scholar and SciVerse. Once articles appeared to be of relevance to the guiding question, the abstracts of for each one of these articles were read and only those that were easily understood, were interesting and matched fast to the guiding question were selected to be occasiond in the bibliography.After sorting approximately 5 articles that were of relevance t o the guiding question, they were indeed searched for in the VU depository library so their ample text could be read, as at that military post was only an abstract available when searching by dint of Google Scholar and SciVerse. After reading the 5 articles in full the decision was make on three by how relevant they were to the guiding question and having supple similarities to each other also helped in the decision making regale.The three articles that make up the an nonated bibliography each compare hydrotherapy to land based make out for perseverings suffering from a certain cut limb condition. The first article compares the two types of therapies for unhurrieds with degenerative joint disease and whether their strength and physical function will be modify by which type of therapy. The second compares hydrotherapy to land based ferment for patients who earn undergone a intact articulatio genus joint commutation where as the final article bases its investigation on whether water therapy can be as effective as land based exercise for patients who buzz off osteoarthritis in the articulatio genus. each article used a different type of booster cable design.Article 1Foley, A, Halbert, J, Hewitt, T, Crotty, M, 2003. Does hydrotherapy remedy strength and physical function in patients with osteoarthritisa randomised controlled trial comparing a gym based and a hydrotherapy based alter programme. EULAR Journal, 62, 1162-1167.The withdraw of this article was to compare the set up of a hydrotherapy resistance exercise program with a gym based resistance exercise program focusing on strength and function in the discussion of osteoarthritis.It consisted of participants who were randomised into one of three groups hydrotherapy (n = 35), gym (n = 35), or control (n = 35). There were 105 participants, 52 (49.5%) were women and 53 males. Having such an dismantle number of twain men and women allowed the knowledge to be evenly distributed leaving little judgement of existence one gender dominated which whitethorn effect the reckons results.The mean (SD) age of the sample was 70.9 years. Originally it was pertinacious to have only 22 subjects in each group as a sample size of 66 was required however, the sample size calculation was based on the assumption of an effect size of 1.0 with a level of 0.05 and 90% power. Therefore, to allow for drop outs and injuries, this sample was increased to 35 people in each group. This be to be beneficial to the bailiwick as in that location were several subjects that discontinued with the subject field. cosmos prepared with a spicyer sample size to allow for subjects failing to attend would leave the report card with very few subjects to test, in that locationfore increasing the numbers to to a greater extent than what was needed prepared any unsuspecting drop outs if they occurred.The warm up in the land based exercise group involved round four infinitesimals of stationary cycling. The strengthening exercises admitd seated bench press, hip adduction and abduction, knee extension, and replicate leg press. It can be suggested that the strength exercises for land based cogitate more(prenominal) on lower limb and quadricep musculuss such as double leg press with a resistance of 10 RM compared to hydrotherapy which was more focused on ROM and hip exercises such as hip extension and flexion, knee extension and flexion, hip abduction and adduction and knee cycling.It would be expected that land based groups quadricep muscles would be stronger as their exercises were more related to strengthening this line of business. As one of this studys major examen methods was to test the strength of the quadriceps, it should have focused on more quadriceps strengthening exercises for the water based group to complete to manipulate twain groups were evenly distributed with similar exercises.One of the strengths of this study was that the exercise impregnation b etween the two intervention groups were occlude matched as much as possible. However, it was stated that progressive oerloading of the musculature and loading through the eccentric physique of muscle contraction is not possible in water as it is on land.Therefore, the exercise ardor would not have been as high in the water based group, hence the greater increases in strength are seen in the gym group. To balance this difference, the hydrotherapy program had an underlying aerobic planning component, as higher and faster repetitions were used to increase the exercise intensity. Furthermore, the hydrotherapy group continuously worked for the full half hour session, moving immediately from one exercise to the next. Although this helped to keep both mediums on a level field, a restriction to this modification was that the water based participants heart rates were not heedful suggesting that it whitethorn have been difficult to assess if they were use at a higher and more spr y intensity compared to the land based exercise group.Furthermore, the land based group participants may have been exercising with just as much intensity as the water based group which would suggest they would be doing even more work than the water based group. It can be suggested that one of the limitations of this study was that it may have been too short in duration of the entire study. Only running for 6 weeks may have been too little time to be able to show obvious improvements at heart the subjects lower limb strength and aerobic endurance levels. Although improvements were seen with both groups it may have been beneficial to continue to a longer period for further improvements to be sh give.Another limitation to this study was that only participants who could provide their own transport to the rehabilitation hospital where the study took place three times a week were bailable to take part in the trial. This would have make it difficult for those who may have wanted to l ay down but were excluded due to not being able to drive. Having osteoarthritis in the knee and hip joints may prevent some subjects from driving therefore limiting them form taking part in this trial. It may be beneficial for this study to have the hospital organise transportation services for subjects that would have been qualified to participate but were unable to due to transportation. This article has high relevance to the guiding question as it is based closely on comparing hydrotherapy to land based exercises and shows that hydrotherapy is just as effective when dealing with osteoarthirtis as land based exercises.Article 2Harmor, A, Naylor, J, Crosbie, J, Russell, T, 2009. Land-Based Versus Water-Based Rehabilitation Following extreme Knee Replacement A Randomized, Single-Blind Trial. Arthritis Rheumatism (Arthritis Care Research), 61, 184-191.The aim of this article is to compare consequences between land-based and water-based exercise programs delivered in the early sub acute phase up to 6 months by and by total knee replacement.This study was a randomized single-blind trial of patients undergoing physiotherapy after primary total knee replacement surgical operation was conducted in a metropolitan public hospital. All patients provided voluntary, written informed consent prior to study enrollment and were allocated into either land based or water based program with the use of a random number generator. Outcome stairs were assessed at baseline (2 weeks post surgery), after 6 weeks of rehabilitation treatment, and at 26 weeks post surgery. It was determined that a sample size of 40 patients per group would provide 80% power to detect a 20% difference between groups in 6-minute walk distance, at a significance level of P 0.05. Therefore, 102 patients were recruited to allow for a 25% dropout rate.This was a validating implication made by the conductors of the study as there were several subjects that were unable to complete the full 26 week trial. The primary outcome measured at each assessment was the 6-Minute Walk test and the secondary outcomes were stones throw climbing power (SCP), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index, a visual analog scale (VAS) for anguish in the operated knee, passive knee joint range of motion (ROM), and edema of the knee. One of the strengths of using the 6-Minute Walk as the primary outcome measurement was because it has a high efficiency of testretest reliability and responsiveness after total knee replacement and permits decision making at an individual patient level.It was also beneficial because as the clients were recovering from knee replacement surgery, it was a non invasive, less intense outcome measure test. The patient is able to walk at their own pace and does not involve using an extreme sum up of strength and effort which could put a high amount of pressure of their effected area. Walking not only allows the patients to become tumesce practic ed with their gait mobility but as it was re tested, did not put a high amount of pressure on the patient as it did not involve high amounts of pain on the newly replaced knee.This functional test for mobility-impaired older adults, in whom leg power is more important than strength for mobility, may be an optimal tool for measuring the magnitude of impairment and make of therapy, and stair climb power test has good reliability and responsiveness after total knee replacements. Although the stair climb power test is a reliable test it can be suggested that it may be slightly dangerous and strenuous for elderly patients to complete especially after undergoing knee replacement surgery.8 flights of 10 steps may seem daunting for elderly individuals especially if they need to use gait aid up and down the steps which could become uncomfortable and awkward, therefore this test could have been modified to a smaller amount of steps instead of a large flight of stairs or another test that te sts lower limb power could have been used in its place such as sit to stand test. In addition to the group exercise programs, all patients were instructed on a simple home exercise program, which was recommended to be undertaken daily and consisted of general active ROM exercises and move as tolerated. However it was discovered that the home exercise program compliance was not formally monitored nor was the intensity of the exercises stated for the home program.Therefore it cannot be certain that the exercise prescription was similar for both land based and water based groups or even of sufficient amount to generate physiologic change. As the home exercises were not monitored it could be suggested that not all participants even completed the program on a daily basis magic spell at home. If these home programs were monitored and logged by the subjects and also were made clear with the refine intensity to use this may have altered the results of the study and could have bring ined the subjects further by improve in the measured outcome tests. One of the positives of this study was that during the outcome measures the patients were assessed by a blind tax assessor so there was no bias shown to either group. However, this could also have been a weakness within the study as it was discovered that on a few occasions unblinding assessments occurred due to the initial blinded assessor being absent.This could have effected the outcome measure results for those particular tests that were held by the unblinded assessors. These results could have then effected the final results of the study favouring more so to one particular group. Another strength of this study was that most of the passive lower limb measurements were able to be re tested during the middle and end of the study and would be reliable tests. Knee edema was estimated by circumferential measurements at 4 locations (apex, midline, master copy border, and 4 cm proximal to the superior border of the patel la) with the knee in extension. The 4 measures were averaged for each knee and used as the knee edema outcome measure.These measurements which were very precise and specific to the affected area and would be a beneficial test to note the improvements and changes made around the affected knee area. An elimination in this study which may have resulted in being a limitation to the trial was that there was no control group. Which would have made it difficult to compare the two trial groups as there was nothing to compare them to besides each other. It could suggest that having a control group would have made it easier to see improvements of each trial group compared to those who did not participate in either group. It could have provided a comparison to those who underwent knee replacement surgery and were not doing any physical activity program during the subacute stage.This may have showed actual significance of participating in physical activity compared to being inactive and provi ded an indication if the subjects in the study were actually improving due to the exercises or if it was only due to their inwrought healing process. One of the limitations to this study was that during the water based program the hydrotherapy pool that was used was heated to a mean SD temperature of 25C. Generally, the temperature should be increased to approximately 3236C for hydrotherapy for patients with knee and hip arthritis and recommended for reducing musculoskeletal unfeelingness. It was discovered that hydrotherapy could have produced more favourable results if the pool temperature was warmer. Not only would it have been more beneficial for the patients with their rehabilitation and recovery for reducing muscle stiffness but would have felt far more comfortable in the warmer water which would have made the program more inviting, hence reducing the number of drop outs in the study.Another limitation involved in this trail was that patients who were not proficient in slop e were excluded from answering the WOMAC questionnaires which were used by the patients to answer questions in relation to pain, stiffness and functionality. Therefore this resulted in 8 participants in the land based and 9 in the water based groups that were excluded from this part of the study. This became a limitation because patients of language were able to be included in this study up until the questionnaires and reviews were being conducted. Furthermore, it could be suggested that having an interpreter or family member to avail with asking the patient the questions would ensure they were presumptuousness the opportunity to complete the WOMAC questionnaire just as all the other participants had and may have even changed or effected the results slightly by there answers.Following the questionnaires, complications from the study were monitored up to 26 weeks post surgery using a standardized question form administered through a patient interview at review clinics or via a foll owup phone foretell after discharge. By reviewing the patients with a question form, it can demo that those of non English speaking background would be again excluded from this part of the study. However, if these patients were still asked the questions the patient may not have fully understood the questions and given an incorrect answer. Furthermore the patient themselves may have questions they would like to ask the physical therapist about their recovery and would not be abel to communicate that across to the therapists. Therefore having someone who can understand them would be beneficial. .Follow up phone calls over the phone only allows for subjective assessments to be made which could lead to serious concerns if the reviewer is unable to see the patient. The patient may need to be further assessed or monitored objectively to ensure they are progressing throughout the study and finished the study without any further revile occurring and to ensure they are not in any pain due to the exercise program. The reviewer inescapably to see the patients surgical area to ensure the area has not been harmed or declined in the healing process from the studys exercise regime and to ensure they have recovered well after the program. It can be presumed that interviewing over the phone could be dangerous and too risky to assess the patients and should be sought out to ensure all reviews are done in person.Allowing patients who may not be fluent in English to participate in the study, may result in misinterpreting important information when reviewing patients or even while they are participating in the sessions. Again, having an interpreter on hand for those who are unable to communicate well enough with the assessors and instructors would be beneficial for both parties to ensure all information is passed on correctly with no misunderstandings occurring. This article was closely based on the guiding question as it gives a specific sprightliness at whether hydrotherapy is as effective or even more effective for patients recovering from a knee replacement to improve their gait mobility and knee range of motion.Article 3Silva, L, Valim, V, Pessanha, A, Oliveira, L, Myamoto, S, Jones, A, Natour, J, 2007. Hydrotherapy Versus naturalized Land-Based Exercise for the Management of Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee A Randomized Clinical Trial . Physical Therapy, 88, 12-21.The aim of this article was to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrotherapy in subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee compared with subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee who performed land-based exercises.This study was a randomized clinical trail where patients with osteoarthritis of the knee were selected from the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinics at So Paulo hospital and were invited to participate in this study. Sixty-four participants were included in the study. Thirty-two participants (30 female, 2 male) were randomly assigned to the water-based exercise group, and 32 pa rticipants (29 female, 3 male) were randomly assigned to the land-based exercise group. A noticeable difference is the very high number of females in the study, this could suggest that it was a limitation as it may have been beneficial use more male participants to have an even distribution of both genders as this may have effected the results and the outcomes of the tests.Within this study both programs had the same types of exercise were used for both. Land based exercises were adapted to be performed underwater in order to exercise the same muscles. The exercises used for both groups included stretching and strengthening of the major muscle groups of the lower limbs, as well as gait training. Both groups had 50 minute training sessions 3 times a week for 18 weeks. This suggests a strength of the study as having the same type of program for both groups would even both groups and by using the same muscle groups throughout the entire programs allows for an balanced investigation wh ere no groups is focusing more on one brass of their body. This allows to truly investigate which medium actually is more effective when testing the muscular strength and mobility of the lower limbs.An area of limitation was the lack of a control group to compare with the 2 exercise treatment groups. The authors did however take not having a control group into consideration, and stated that because there is considerable induction that land based exercises are effective in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, they decided to compare hydrotherapy with the gilt standard of exercise intervention.However, the lack of a control group meant that it was unable to determine whether the improvements in both groups resulted from exercise or other factors, such as the duration of therapy or the degree of participant fear or motivation. Nevertheless, it was believed that most of the improvement seen was attributable to the interventions used, as osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease and would be expected to cause a progressive worsening of the participants conditions. It may still have been beneficial to include a control group to prove that their study was accurate and improvements were actually made due to the exercise programs.The reduction in pain found in both groups is a very important benefit for such patients. Although we believe that this improvement occurred due to the strengthening of the leg muscles, we cannot affirm this due to the fact that we did not directly assess the strength of these muscles, as our primary objective was to assess improvement regarding pain and spirit of life. We had expected pain to decrease more in the water-based exercise group than in the land-based exercise group. However, reductions in pain were found in both groups, thereby failing to demonstrate a greater benefit in the water-based exercise group and showing that water-based exercise is a real option for patients with OA of the knee.A positive of this studys method w as that when assessing pain, it was assessed at the time of evaluation instead of assessing the pain see during the previous week. It suggests that this method may be a better representation of the pain experienced during daily activities compared to measuring pain experienced during the previous week. This is a positive outcome as it provides the assessors with answers to their patients pain as it was occurring and did not have to deform and recall how they felt after their previous sessions. At times, pain can be present and concerning the patient however once it has been relieved it becomes forgotten and assessors may consider this valuable information about their pain levels.Another strength of this study was the use of the number of NSAIDs as a good quality measure for the assessment of pain. Patients were allowed to use sodium diclofenac to relieve pain during their sessions, however, it was discovered that the use of this medication was decreased importantly in both groups by the third month of the study, and a further reduction was seen in the fourthly month in the water-based exercise group.Overall, a 50% reduction in sodium diclofenac use was detect by the end of the study. This was an effective and precise way of determining the patients pain levels throughout the study. From this it could be be that patients pain levels were decreasing due to their exercise programs and the decrease in pain relief intake.This article was of close relevance to the guiding question as it provided information relating to the effectiveness of hydrotherapy compared to land based exercises. It proved that hydrotherapy was as effective as land based programs through pain level testing for patients with osteoarthritis.SummaryIn all three articles patients improved equally well in most outcome measures comparing land based with hydrotherapy. In the first article is was stated that neither mode was understandably superior to the other as both showed improvements and gai ned strength. Similarly, the second article showed findings of both being effective shipway of treating lower limb conditions. However, not one medium was more superior than the other.The final article indicate that water based and land based exercises reduced pain and improved function in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and that water based exercise was superior to land based exercise for relieving pain in the beginning and after walking. These studies findings indicated that hydrotherapy is a suitable and effective way of exercising for patients with lower limb conditions as water buoyancy reduces the tip that joints, bones and muscles have to bear.Aquatic exercises have been widely used in physical therapy programs, especially when exercising under normal conditions of gravity is difficult and painful. Water buoyancy reduces the weight that joints, bones, and muscles have to bear. The warmth and pressure of the water also reduce swelling and increase blood circulation. Consequently, an underwater environment allows early active mobilization and dynamic strengthening.Reflection on ProcessOn verbal expression of this process, there were many challenges that were presented. Throughout analysing the articles more knowledge may have been needed when critiquing the statistical compend of the articles. Being able to find positives and negatives within the results areas of the articles proved to be difficult.Some of the barriers that occurred during this process was that not all relevant articles that proved to be interesting and closely matched the guiding question were unable to be viewed in full. This proved to be a difficult process and only some articles were found in the VU Library that had full text available.

Nazi Ideology Essay Example for Free

Nazi Ideology EssayNazism excessively officially known as the topic Socialism is defined as an ideology and practices that are influence by the National Socialist German Workers Party that is under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. In relation to this, Nazism is also regarded as political policies that were adopted by the dictatorial of Nazi Germany that took place from 1933 to 1945. Nazism strongly advocates the superiority of an Indo-Aryan race that makes the Germanic people stand above others.During the leadership of Hitler, Nazis supported the centralized government that is conduct by the Fuhrer that claimed to have the responsibility of defending and protecting Germany and the German people in their country and foreign against the forces of Communism and Jewish subversion (Thomas). As such, the recurring themes of Nazism include extreme nationalism, xenophobia, and the glorification of the Aryan race (Levy 497). These themes of Nazism have put many negative effects fo r people that do not belong to the Aryan race especially for Jews as well as to the German themselves.The themes of this ideology created prejudices and stereotypes against other races especially for the Jewish people that often become the cause of conflict and violent practices. Due to this, Jewish people and other races that Hitler deems as dirty or is a threat to the Aryan race are hunt down. The holocaust is a clear example of the violent practices that he implemented in melodic line of the Nazis ideology. Nevertheless, the German people also envision the negative effect of this ideology as some of them experience xenophobia.They think that they should not interact with other races especially those that they believe is a threat to their racial superiority. Lastly, Germans also have experience difficulties in interacting and relating with other races especially when they have the mentality that they are better as compared to them (Levy 497-498). Works Cited Levy, Richard S. Ant isemitism. California ABC-CLIO, 2005. Thomas, Robert. The Nature of Nazi Ideology. 11 June 2009 http//www. libertarian. co. uk/lapubs/histn/histn015. pdf.

Realism in Romantic poetry Essay Example for Free

Realism in Romantic t completelyys EssayReality is abstract, as it depends on every individuals own perspective. When Wordsworth says, world is as well as often with us, it depends on us how we look at the world, as every being has a world of his own. We acknowledge the events around us with whom we can relate, but ignore many other changes healthy for others. Most of the times, Romantics are considered escapist, and are each(prenominal)eged that their writings reflect an Imaginary world far from the universe surrounding us. But going through various meters of Wordsworth and Coleridge, I find it vice versa.All buttony and glittering in the smokeless air. Never did sun more beautifully steep In his start-off splendor, v aloneey, rock, or hill Neer saw I, never felt, a calm so occult The river glideth at his own new will Dear God The very houses seem asleep And all that mighty heart is lying still Westminster tie Wordsworth Sept 3,1802 The allegation that Wordsworth moved from the harsh realities of the cities brought intimately by the industrial revolution initiated in 1765. This allegation was made relatively stronger by placing Wordsworth vis-a-vis square-toed realism.In my view such an allegation is a product of superficial readings of his poems. The poem composed upon Westminster Bridge illustrates keen sense of socio-economy of the then London. It describes the urban landscape departing from his stock theme based on verdant landscape. It talks about the landscape of the city which has been divested to its negative qualities. Like the smoke of the industries, the busy crowd, insensitive to its coadjutor man and the incessant desire in man to control nature.The term smokeless air is for him a matter to rejoice a state of the city distilled of the harmful effects of industrialization. The line, the river glideth at his own sweet will encapsulates the entire project of Wordsworth vis-a-vis the new call given by the middle carve up to con quer and exploit nature. In this sense his realism is much more pronounced and subtle than it is interpreted into account of. Citing from historical context, one can notice the involvement of the likes of Coleridge, Wordsworth and Lamb during French revolution.In 1798, the course of study Lyrical Ballads, a joint effort by Wordsworth and Coleridge, came out, was a turbulent period in Englands history. Hostilities had broken out between Her and France in 1793 (and was to last with unremarkable intermission for over twenty years), and by 1798, she was faring badly in the war. Wordsworth had, of course, visited France in 1791-92, and had been in Paris at perhaps the most critical of all the great moments of the French Revolution that began with the destruction of the notorious prison of the Bastille in July 1789.(Coleridges poem, An Ode on the remnant of the Bastille). The political tussle between the Girondins and the Jacobins were at a height, and Wordsworth saw clearly the s impov erished burn down of the Jacobins low Robespierre. He felt a deep concern for the Girondin leaders whom he felt were the genuine revolutionaries. He believed in the reasonableness of humanity nature and also believed passionately that men were worthy of liberty.Wordsworths early republicanism, his concern for France and the Revolution is described memorably in his long and autobiographical Prelude felicity was it in that dawn to be alive, But to be young was very Heaven O times, In which the meager, stale, forbidding ways Of custom, law and statute, took at once The attraction of a dry land in grind The prelude testifies to the shock that Wordsworth felt in his moral nature when he saw the Revolution that was to pay back mankind, turn to dust.For many, Tom Paine, William Godwin, Coleridge and Wordsworth, the French Revolution was not simply as struggle of a nation to be free- it was mankinds struggle to achieve something better- a new age for the entire human race- when aris tocracy and class privilege would give to democracy and Reason would destroy the fetters of superstition and tyranny. Coleridge, like Wordsworth, had been swayed by the ideals of the Revolution, but the savagery and unrestrained mob frenzy under the Terror disillusioned him as did the rise of Napoleon and Frances aggressive conquests of other European nations.In France, An Ode and Fears in Solitude, Coleridge describe his feelings with candour O France, that mockest Heaven, adulterous, blind, And patriot only in pernicious toils Are these thy boasts, Champion of humankind? To mix with kings in low lust of sway, Yell in the hunt, and share the murderous prey To insult the Shrine of Liberty with spoils From freemen lacerated to tempt and to betray? France, An Ode British sympathizers of the French Revolution like Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey were lampooned in the conservative press.Coleridge was so much influenced by William Godwins idea (Political Justice, 1793) of rejection of authority, abolition of private property, creation of a just state that on with Robert Southey, he was ready to set sail for America to establish a perfect state along the lines charted by Godwin. The political ideas of Wordsworth and Coleridge was also strengthened by pursuing the ideological goals of Unitarianism (which verged on radical deism) and draw heavily on the ideas of English Commonwealthman of the seventeenth century.Side by side to these intellectual debates between the conservatives and the liberals, the economic and the human cost of the war proving to be enormous. In the country, rural poverty was becoming acute and the number of beggars, esurient children, gypsies, wounded soldiers roaming the country lanes could be seen from early poetry. Wordsworths poetic capability to recreate the sorrows and hardships of these homeless, starving populace is one of his lasting achievement as a poet.The Old Cumberland Beggar in poem of the same name, the traveler of Guilt and Sorrow, the blind London beggar in The Prelude are all powerful figures of forsaken humanity who become permanent symbols of the human condition. The effect of industrialization was viewed by both Wordsworth and Coleridge with a mixture of excitement and distrust. The new industrial cities- Birmingham, Sheffield, Liverpool, Leeds, Manchester, by 1815, contained a large population that had come from the country to look for work, and both Wordsworth and Coleridge were increasingly worried about the rising number of poor.Against the expanding complexities of men living in an industrial wasteland, the destruction of old livelihoods and an increasing impossibility to believe in a benign Providence, congruity with Nature offered the Romantic poets another way of life. The disruptive force of the French Revolution added the impetus to romanticism. there are individual differences among the great romantic poets concerning the conception of nature. But all of them share a familiar object ion to the mechanistic universe of the eighteenth century- even though Wordsworth admires Newton and accepts him, at least in the orthodox interpretation.All romantic poets conceived of nature as an organic whole, on the analogue of man quite an than a concourse of atoms- a nature that is not divorced from aesthetic values, which are just as real (or rather more real) than the abstractions of science. My conclusion concerning the romantic poets may be unorthodox and even unconventional. On the whole political criteria seem grossly overrated as a basis for judging a man. References Blake, Wordsworth and Coleridge Edited by Debjan Sengupta and Shernaz Cama Worldview Critical Editions The Prelude by William Wordsworth An Ode on the Destruction of the Bastille by Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Describe Plato Allegory of the Cave Essay Example for Free

portray Plato illustration of the Cave EssayDescribe Plato fabrication of the sabotage (25 marks) Platois nonp areil of the most important classical philosophers and a pupil of Socrates. He founded the Academy in Athens, an institution devoted to research and instruction in philosophy and the sciences. His works on philosophy, politics and mathematics which were very influential. The complex meanings that can be perceive from the Cave can be shapen in the beginning with the presence of the prisoners who are chained in the shadower of the sabotage. The prisoners are bound to the floor and unable to turn their heads to see what goes on behind them. To the back of the prisoners, equivocation the puppeteers who are casting the shadows on the breakwater, which the prisoners are perceiving as solidity. In the beginning of theAllegory of the CavePlato represents gentlemans gentlemans condition as being chained in a cave, in Platos apologue the prisoners are chained in a cave, unable to turn their heads. All they can see is the wall of the cave. Behind them burns a fire all the prisoners see and hear are shadows and echoes cast by objects that they do non see.In platos simile Plato believes the cave is the world the entire human race are prisoners of the world in the same way the cave represents the limits of their universe or companionship The cave similarly represents misunderstanding and distraction, similarly Plato believes our body is a cave and inside the body is the soul ,and the soul is trap inside the body in which human race lost everything we required in the world of forms which was the true knowledge when we die the soul is released from our body.Another interpretation is when the prisoners are trapped inside the cave the prisoners represent humanity ,who dont know what factuality is, because they think reality is just what they can see (the shadows) which is real not reality at all it is mere representation of the lawfulness The prisoners symbolize those of a level-headed world unwilling to see or face reality. In their ignorance the prisoners hide away in the cave, unsuspecting of the transcendent world These prisoners cannot move because they are restrained by chains. The only thing that they can see is a wallTo the prisoners the truth is only the wall and its shadows.The prisoners know nothing outside of the shadows at one point one of the prisoners are released he starts to see the objects of physical reality The released prisoner is a individual con seemed with the possibility of enlightenment who first sees the truth (the sun in the allegory) and is blinded by it. Another allegory in Platos story is The chains which hold humanity back from their own understanding these prisoners cannot move because they are restrained by chains the chains can be interpreted as a maintenance of failure or delaying something which are examples of the chains that hold back each individual from their full potential.I n the allegory these chains keep the prisoners from escaping and finding the truth that is the outside world. The chains that restrain the prisoners, while real to the prisoners in the cave, are no more real than the shadows are. Another interpretation found in the allegory the cave is very dark because there is little light inside it and objects are hardly seen, The cheerfulness at the end of the path, would be specifically the form of good the allegory could also be round religious enlightenment, the Sun representing the light of the good, the Godly other world which the freed prisoner has surpassed to and was now able to see.The prisoner who was enlightened to religion is momentarily released from the ignorance and darkness of humanity the sun is a form of good, enlightened truth and the escaped prisoner who requires the knowledge and is obliged to return to the people in chains and enlighten them on what has been seen . Improve answerIn the outer world there is light and every thing is clear and visible the prisoner released from the cave into the outer world slowly and gradually begins to identify everything and becomes to realise that the outer world is the real and the cave is the unreal world likewise also Knowledge, education, and spiritualenlightenment all symbolize the light. In Allegory of the Cave, light most commonly reflects revelation when prisoners, humanity, leave the cave. (unreal world) the darkness in the cave symbolically represents the world of ignoranceThe shadows are replicas or copies of reality. The echoes represent items inlifethat have been distorted over time due to gossip, impressions, and rumours These shadows or teachings where blinding the prisoner from thinking outside of what was placed in front of them equally the prisoners interpret the shadows on the wall as being real who see reflections but preferably are just poor shadows of images of things that exist in the outside world for example a shoetree is a poor reflect ion of a real things that exists.Above all Because of how we live, true reality is not obvious to most of us. However, we mistake what we see and hear for reality and truth his is the basic premise for Platos Allegory of the Cave, in which prisoners sit in a cave, chained down, watching images cast on the wall in front of them. They accept these views as reality and they are unable to grasp their overall situation the cave and images are a trick a mere shadow presented to the prisoners.

Hymn to Labor Essay Example for Free

Hymn to Labor analyze sagacity serve of riding horse a value on real or personal property, ordinarily for the purpose of taxation. It is carried out either by central government agencies or by local officials. keeping may be assessed on the basis of its annual rental value, as in Britain, or its gravid value, as in the U.S. Various methods are commitd to determine capital value, including analysis of market information to estimate the propertys current market price, estimation of the cost of reproducing the property minus accrued depreciation, and capitalization of the propertys earnings. Because educators apply used the word assessment in a variety of ways, its important to understand its peculiar(prenominal) definition in education today.The Higher Learning Commission (HLC), has identified five fundamental questions for institutions to use in discussing and defining assessment 1. How are your stated student learning issuances appropriate to your mission, programs, and degrees? 2. What march do you have that students achieve your stated learning out draws? 3. In what ways do you analyze and use evidence of student learning? 4. How do you ensure shared responsibility for assessment of student learning? 5. How do you evaluate and improve the effectiveness of your efforts to assess and improve student learning?The HLCs complete teaching on assessment can be found at www.ncahlc.org/download/AssessStuLrngApril.pdf Using these questions as a guide, OCC has developed its own definition of assessment, which is broadly published in various college documents including the College Catalog (p. 43), assimilator Handbook, document of Classes, and the assessment website sagaciousness is an on-going process aimed at understanding and improving student learning. It involves making our expectations clear to students and setting appropriate outcomes for learning. It helps determine how well student performance matches those outcomes. It uses the resulting i nformation to improve student learning. The assessment process helps to support OCCs shared academic culture dedicated to assuring and improving student learning. Assessment of student learning occurs at various academic levels. The goals at each level are different. schoolroom AssessmentThe goal of classroom assessment is to enhance student learning. Instructors use a variety of methods in the classroom to get feedback about student learning in terms of course objectives.Program AssessmentEvery degree, diploma, and certificate program has a statement of purpose and learning outcomes. Each learning outcome is measured by the faculty in the program through a variety of assignments, tests, practicums, projects, and licensing examinations. Also, in more or less cases program graduates are surveyed to get feedback about how well the program prepared them for their jobs. The goal of program assessment is to revise and improve the curriculum of the program and to insure student victor.G eneral Education AssessmentStudents come to college for a variety of reasons. Regardless of the reason, it is the goal of the college to give its students an education including planetary skills and knowledge critical for success in life. Therefore, the OCC faculty have identified ten General Education Outcomes and have incorporated them into the general education requirements of the college. These outcomes are assessed in the same way as course learning objectives in the classroom. Additionally, Student Assessment of General Education (SAGE) occurs college-wide each year.