Mending Wall Essays (249 words) - Mending Wall, Wall,

Mending Wall 1) This poem is about human nature. People have a natural tendency to build up walls. They push people out and shut people off. However, at the same time we want to not have to build these walls. We want to have a life without walls and let everyone into our lives. I think Frost feels a little of both when he speaks of mending the walls. (Lines 13-14) "And on a day we meet to walk the line, And set the wall between us once again". The two neighbors meet and come together, yet they push each other away once again. This shows both tendencies to come together and build walls to keep apart. 2) To me a wall is just a barrier separating two people or things. The Berlin wall for example, this wall separated two countries. It was inevitable that one day this wall would come down. Walls must come down. Walls do not make good neighbors. Walls are things like discrimination or social injustice. Walls are not a good thing to have. If the world had less walls, we would be more unified and would live in a much happier place. 3) Blank verse seems to be effective in this poem because with every new line, a new idea is developed. It isn't like a poem with stanzas however because stanzas tend to focus on one idea. Frost joins all his lines together while still focusing on different ideas. He uses this style of poetry to help in developing the theme. Everything flows together yet stands apart line by line.

Conflict ‘Romeo and Juliet’ Essays

Conflict ‘Romeo and Juliet’ Essays Conflict ‘Romeo and Juliet’ Essay Conflict ‘Romeo and Juliet’ Essay How of import is the subject of struggle in the drama Romeo and Juliet?Shakespeare’s drama. Romeo and Juliet. is the most celebrated love narrative in English literature. However love isn’t the lone subject that runs through the drama. Shakespeare makes this typical love narrative more dramatic when he pits the love affair in the context of household feuds. battles and deceases. The issue of struggle is every bit cardinal to this drama as the issues of love/honour/betrayal and decease. It should come as no surprise that Shakespeare would include struggles in this drama as otherwise the drama would merely be a dull statement on teenage love. Adding the struggles highlights the tensenesss that the adolescents feel between their fond regards to their ain households and each other. Besides. adding the struggle is of import for dramatic consequence. We see this clearly in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet but besides see it in many modern signifiers of storytelling. such as movie.The movie Slumdog Millionaire’ is another illustration of two star-crossed lovers fighting to be together against their family’s wants. The struggle in the movie is between brothers. but besides with others outside the characters immediate households. The dramatic consequence of the struggle has the audience on the border of their place. willing the brace to get away their awful lives of maltreatment and unrecorded merrily of all time after. Slumdog is Romeo and Juliet for the twenty-first Century. As in Shakespeare’s drama. in Slumdog the audience are told what will go on in the narrative by manner of a prologue The prologue in Romeo and Juliet tells the audience the narrative and the stoping ( the two lovers will repair their household feuds by taking their ain lives )From forth the fatal pubess of these two enemies. A brace of star-crossed lovers take their life. . The prologue is an unusual storytelling device as it reveals the terminal of the narrative at the beginning. But it besides draws the audience is to cognize why the lovers take their ain lives and the audience remains shocked by that event. despite being warned about it. In Bas Learhmann’s movie the audience is surprised when Juliet wakes from her slumber to happen Romeo lying dead following to her. Her reaction of killing herself is a flooring stoping to the movie ( drama ) despite the audience cognizing what is coming. In Shakespeare’s prologue the Chorus describes tw o baronial families in the metropolis of Verona. The houses hold an ancient grudge against each other that remains a beginning of violent and bloody struggle.The audience are told that the households live in Fair Verona and who the chief characters in the drama are. So within a few proceedingss of the drama get downing the audience ( reader ) is primed with adequate information to bring forth an involvement to read on. The first scene comes instantly after the prologue and Shakespeare commences the scene with two Capulet retainers ( Sampson and Gregory ) who talk about the struggle between the two family’s. It is interesting that even though they are retainers ( Slaves ) they say that the family’s feud is their feud: The wrangle is between our Masterss and us their work forcesIt is of import to retrieve that the drama is written at a clip when retainers were obliged to honor their Masterss. and that included puting down their life for their betters’ . The tone o f the conversation between the two retainers replicates the struggle that we hear about in the prologue. Shakspere has established a yarn for the reader to follow here. The force of the struggle is clear when the two retainers talk of what they will make to the Montague adult females one time they defeat the Montague work forces. Brutalizing the adult females of a defeated enemy is something that has happened throughout history. True ; and hence adult females. being the weaker vass.are of all time thrust to the wall: therefore I will forceMontague’s work forces from the wall. and thrust his amahsto the wallThe public bash started by Tybalt is joined by members of both households. including the Montague and Capulet fathers’ . Sing old enemy ( Montague ) Capulet says to his married woman: My blade. I say! Old Montague is come.And boom his blade in malice of me.The street combat and hatred between the Capulets and Montagues is merely one signifier of struggle in Shakespea re’s drama. Shakespeare’s composing about struggle extends to Juliet’s household excessively. In Act 3 Scene 5 Juliet is told by her female parent that she will get married. Juliet’s sadness at this ordered matrimony ( she is told to describe to the church on Thursday ) leads to a struggle with her male parent who calls her a young luggage and disobedient wench’ . The household struggle repeats one faced by some immature adult females whose hubbies are chosen for them. This cultural duty is besides made clear by Juliet’s female parent when she says to Juliet that by the age of 14 ( Juliet’s age at the clip of the drama ) she was already pregnant with Juliet. The tradition of get marrieding misss off immature. and to wealthy older work forces. has mostly been overcome in some communities. nevertheless. in others it still creates tenseness. Sometimes with tragic results.The subject of struggle is of import in this drama because it refle cts the type of societal conditions that existed at the clip that Shakespeare wrote his drama. It is interesting that although our societal conditions have changed. the implicit in subjects and fortunes here could use to our society today. Young. violent. work forces contending over territory/honour and ( like Tybalt ) being killed in the crossfire. Shakespeare’s determination to speak about the unfairness of Juliet’s father’s insisting that she marry. may be a courageous effort to raise the issue of forced matrimony. But. instead. it could besides be seen as a beginning of merriment and gaiety for the Shakespearian audience. Despite some truly hard linguistic communication. Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a drama that transcends clip in footings of its implicit in subjects. This makes the drama as relevant now as it was when it was first played.

Investigation of communication between people in health and social Essay

Investigation of communication between people in health and social care - Essay Example The behaviorist theory explains that every physical action or gesture is to be construed as an expression of behavior, this philosophy argues that every thing an organism does, including the thought process and feelings, should be considered as behavior. Understanding and applying the behaviorist theory, by observing the actions of the patient in context of this theory, the Health Care Professional can better cater to the psychological requirements of the patient, which in turn can have a positive outcome in the treatment, and psychological management of the patient, while the patient is in a state of trauma due to an emotional incident or a life threatening ailment. Cognitive theory can help decision making in nursing by providing a framework, which incorporates acquiring empirical data from patients and assimilating new cases with the older ones, investigating the methods which proved to be successful in the past, and identifying and applying those to newer cases. The Psychoanalytical theory deals wit... Verbal communication is the most important aspect of direct communication with the patients which involves nursing etiquette, and some other guidelines. The nurse is expected to speak clearly with the patient, in a slow, even tome for the convenience of the patient , the nurse is expected to address the patient by his/her name to give an impression of individualistic care and attention, broadly it directs you to be gentle in your interaction with the patient. Non-verbal form of communication suggests that while dealing with patients who are hard of hearing, along with speech, the nurse should use hands to accentuate the meaning.You can even write or draw out pictures for the convenience of patients who are deaf, or if the patient prefers a digital form of communication such as laptops, you can even arrange for that. It is rudimentary to call a person by his/her name, whilst seeking attention of the patient and introducing yourself to the patient in the same way. The patient should be included in the decision making process, this gives the patient the impression that he/she is in control of the situation. Only when the patient is ready to open up and express feelings should he/she be encouraged to do so, the patient should not be rushed into expressing intimate feelings. Patients should not be stereo-typed or prejudiced against in view of the values and beliefs they hold. Inappropriate interpersonal communication is a subjective phenomenon and applies both to the nurse and the patient. In context of the nurse the use of inappropriate language should be avoided at all costs, intentionally or otherwise, the nurse needs to be cognizant of the fact that even his/her best attentions could be misinterpreted and cause mental stress

Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Finance - Assignment Example 2. A firm that uses RADR to evaluate investment projects would be most likely to apply the highest risk-adjusted discount rate to which of the following projects? a) The overhaul and repair of a large piece of machinery that it has been using for five years. b) An investment in a new piece of machinery to produce new products to be sold in China. c) An investment in a fleet of trucks to be used for delivery of its products. d) An investment in a new machine that will be used to improve the production process for one of its more successful products it has been producing for about 7 years. 3. A corporate bond with ten years to maturity pays $45 interest semi-annually. If the current market rate of interest on bonds in the same risk class is 9 percent; this bond will be selling for: a) Much less than $1000 b) Much more than $1000 c) Approximately $1000 d) There is not enough information here to be able to determine the answer to this question. 4. You have just calculated the NPV on an i nvestment. It is a negative ($3.33). The IRR on this investment is: a) Equal to the cost of capital b) Higher than the cost of capital c) Lower than the cost of capital d) There is not enough information here to be able to figure out the answer to this question. 5. A firm has daily remittances (collections) of two million dollars and can earn 9 percent on investments of surplus cash. The maximum this firm should pay for a cash management system that will reduce collection time by three days is: a) $5,400,000 b) $1,800,000 c) $540,000 d) $180,000 e) $3,000,000 6. Which of the following courses of action in regard to financing working capital would be taken by a firm, wishing to take moderate risk and earn a moderate profit? a) Long-term financing and a relatively low level of liquid current assets. b) Long-term financing and a relatively high level of liquid current assets. c) Short-term financing and a relatively low level of liquid current assets. d) None of the above represents a position of moderate risk and moderate profits. 7. A firm does not maintain a single, exact, debt/equity ratio at all times because: a) It will want to sell debt when interest rates are low and sell common stock when stock prices are high. b) It will want to take advantage of timing its fund rising in order to minimize the cost of capital over time. c) The â€Å"market† allows some leeway in the debt/equity ratio before it begins to penalize the firm with higher required rates of return. d) All of the above help explain why a firm does not maintain a single, exact debt/equity ratio at all times. 8. The relationship between the price of a bond and market interest rates: a) Is a positively correlated linear relationship b) Is an inverse relationship c) Cannot be determined d) Cannot be determined without more information than is presented here. 9. The closer the correlation coefficient between two investment projects is to (-1), the greater is the a) Risk of the â€Å"portfoli o† when the two projects are combined b) Risk reduction on the â€Å"portfolio† when the two projects are combined c) Return on the â€Å"portfolio† when the two projects are combined. d) Variation on the â€Å"portfolio† returns as compared to the returns on the individual projects. 10. When comparing three investment projects, if the expected cash flows from one project have a higher standard deviation than the cash flows of the other two, which of the follow

Human resource development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Human resource development - Essay Example The training program should include: The program for the advisor should focus on the improvement of resources provision, conveyance of realities and supply of organizational information to the employees. The training and development program for the advisor should include: Consultant works like a referral agent whose training and development program should focus on assisting employees with their goals through networking with resources and people. Therefore, the plan should include training for: The reason for the evaluation is to document and determine the degree to which the stated objectives have been achieved by the training. In the evaluation process, analysis of the efficiency, effectiveness, appropriateness and the adequacy of the training are carried out. There are four levels of evaluation, impact evaluation, transfer evaluation, learning level and the reaction level. Through the evaluation, we can improve the training programs defined initially. Effective training and evaluation cannot be separated from one another. Evaluation should be carried out by a Quality Inspector who should evaluate the entire training program in a top-down approach. The training program should be evaluated to check whether the training program is effective, whether the resources being provided for the training program are sufficient or not and whether the program itself is training the members as needed. The evaluation should be carried out twice a year for the analysis of the regular training programs and annually after the annual training program has been completed at the end through feedback and control. Evaluation is necessary to ensure that the program delivers maximum incentives to everyone involved (ONeill, Albin, Storey, Horner, & Sprague, 2014). The evaluation should be carried out twice a year for the analysis of the regular training programs and annually after the annual training program has been completed at the end through feedback

The rationale rights based approaches

The rationale rights based approaches This essay will discuss about the rationale, shortcomings and potentials of rights based approaches to development as a subject. The objective of this essay is to explore the above mentioned in detail as this is believed to help all those involved in development work and to add to the existing debates in this area. The other reason is to clarify this theorisation for actors in the field be it NGOs and government or international agencies dealing with development to really understand what rights based approaches entail. Rights based approaches to development has become so popular for the past decade, with development agencies and national governments understanding it and implementing it in a diverse of ways. As Hickey put it â€Å"Some development professionals remained committed to the approach, while others were frustrated at the lack of progress in realising its apparent potential. Some academics and activists expressed continuing scepticism and argued that the rights based approach was one more example of northern hegemony†.(Hickey etal,2009:9) It is against this backdrop that discussing about the shortcomings and potentials of rights based approaches is appropriate. The discussion is hoped that it will help governments and NGOs to take into account the shortcomings and potentials in their development work. The essay focuses on the rights based approaches in generally, for there is need for self reflection so that actors can understand both the negative and positive side of rights based approaches for it to be a helpful tool on the ground rather than theory. This point was emphasised by Hickey saying â€Å".neither praise nor damn rights based approaches to development, and to instead work toward a more balanced understanding of both potentials and pitfalls of such approaches. We hope that this measure assessment will avoid the antagonisms with other new approaches to development for example social capital, participation, in which reasonable disagreements have become running battles, entrenching increasingly polarised positions, clouding attention to facts on the ground and preventing the productive synergies that should develop between opposing views.†(Hickey etal, 2009:209). To address the issues highlighted in the above paragraphs the essay will deal with the rationale of rights based approaches followed by a discussion on the current debates which will help to highlight the shortcomings and potentials. A comparative analysis with other approaches to development will be looked at and a discussion about the shortcomings and potentials which will be followed by a conclusion. Various definitions has been put forward to describe what a rights based approach is. As stated in the Human Rights Reference Book, â€Å"Human rights to development can be defined as a conceptual and analytical approach to development cooperation, which is based on the standards and principles of human rights and which aims to incorporate these standards and principles in all planning and implementation of development cooperation †(Sepulveda etal 2004:03) Others define a rights based approach in what it does to a situation. As stated in Ball, â€Å"A Rights based approach helps to uncover the root causes of under development, conflict and even natural disasters such as famine.†(Ball 2005:278).In relation to this essay, the definition as propagated by Sepulveda in the Human Rights Handbook will be used or referred to. For the proper understanding to the readers, there is need to define as well what development is and which definition is applied in this contexts as rights based approach focuses on the way in which development is being approached. The preamble to the Right to Development Declaration states that, â€Å"Development is a comprehensive economic, social, cultural and political process, which aims at the constant improvement of the well being of the entire population and all individuals on the basis of their active, free and meaningful participation in development and in the fair distribution of benefits resulting there from.†[1] This definition will be the one referred to in this essay since it cover so many things and it is a consensus from all the nations which fall under the United Nations. Having stated the objective of the essay, given the definitions of development and rights based approach the essay will now discuss the rationale behind having rights based approach to development. In order to highlight the shortcomings and contributions the fundamental reasons for using a rights based approach to development will be discussed. It is my view that from the past development projects were not incorporating human rights in their agendas. Human development and human rights were seen as separate fields altogether. However it was realised that all the two frameworks are there to promote and secure the peoples dignity and also freedoms. As stated by Nyamu-Musembi, â€Å"A rights based approach adds an element of accountability and culpability, an ethical or moral dimension to development. It therefore, demands a shift from viewing poverty eradication as development goal to viewing it as a matter of social justice, as the realisation of a right and fulfilment of a duty.†(Nyamu-Musembi, 2005:42) However in relation to NGOs, adopting rights based approach is based on the fact that it is moral right, and widely accepted perception that it brings contributions to traditional approaches which will be discussed in the essay. It was also believed international-wide by authors and professionals that development should have a consideration for rights. It is the writers view that human rights and development are more effective together than either one on its own. And this reason of combining a rights based approach to development was confirmed by Theis as he stated that â€Å"Combining human rights, development and activism create a more effective approach than any of them on their own. A rights based approach has a greater chance of achieving results in the fight against injustice, inequality, poverty and exploitation†. (Theis, 2004:13). The realisation by actors in development was to the effect that not all was being done to realise the rights of people and there was need for some comprehensive approach to tackle issues as poverty and address the inequalities involved and this can be done through legal means. Petit said â€Å"Development practitioners have to begun to recognise the limits of their technical and micro-project approaches in tackling the root causes of poverty. They have recognised the need to address deeper structures of inequality and exclusion and to confront these at the legal and political as well as social, cultural and economic levels.†(Petit, p92) Also according to Gready the realisation of links has led to the issue of rights in development as he stated that â€Å"Recognition of the fundamental links between rights, denial, impoverishment, vulnerability and conflict has led to the incorporation of rights- based approaches into the funding strategies, policy formulations and practice of a diverse range of actors.†(Gready P etal.2005:1). The other reason for adopting a rights based approach to development was that it uses different lens for the analysis of problems which development seeks to address. The committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights have summarised or explained the above statement as follows â€Å"The real potential of human rights lies in its ability to change the way people perceive themselves vis-a-vis the government and other actors. Rights framework provides a mechanism for reanalysing and renaming â€Å"problems like contaminated water or malnutrition as â€Å"violations† and, as such, something that need not and should not be tolerated..Rights make it clear that violations are neither inevitable nor natural, but arise from deliberate decisions and policies. By demanding explanation and accountability, human rights expose the hidden prioritise and structures behind violations and challenge the conditions that create poverty†[2] Having looked at the rationale for using rights based approach it is important for this essay to discuss some of the debates which are existing in this field to clearly show the potentials and shortcomings of rights based approach. There has been a debate that human rights based approaches re-politicise development through NGOs work and it is still topical. This was about humanitarian principles applied by international agencies namely impartiality, independence and neutrality which are considered to be political values. Most writers have agreed that development can be re-politicised by human rights based approach especially in relation to to the identification of needs. As Nyamu -Musembi and Cornwall expressed that â€Å"Whereas a needs based approach focuses on securing additional resources for delivery of services to marginalised groups, a rights based approach calls for existing resources to be shared more equally.assisting the marginalised people to assert their rights to those resources, thus making the process explicitly political†(Nyamu-Musembi etal 2004:2). This debate is now looked at to see if it can highlight some shortcomings or potentials of using a right based approach. In this case I will try and analyse whether being political in the sense portrayed is bad for development. It is my personal view that it is necessary part for rights based approach to be political as this can bring public awareness and include naming, shaming for the governments and development actors for the rights violations. It is my contention that using other methods was leaving behind the issue of power relations that exist in society and this causes them not to look at the root causes of the problems. Others argue that human rights based approaches are a new form of imperialism used to provide an increasingly intrusive attack on sovereignty, democracy and political debate. Some argue that this issue of cultural imperialism stems from the origins or foundation of human rights which is mainly western in nature. But others also defended the position by arguing that the universal aspect of rights is necessary for it adds legitimacy and that human rights based approaches involves both sides of universality and cultural relativism. Looking at this debate I find it to portray a potential of rights based approach to development. Those who support human rights based approaches are happy and felt that putting development within the confines of the law is good for it creates a point of accountability, that is obligations and rights or duties mainly on states and all the actors involved in development programmes. As pointed by Gready that â€Å"The value -added of rights based approach can be sought through direct applications of the law, but more particularly through indirect and strategic uses of the law.†(Gready 2008:78) However there are some who are so sceptical about using the law where there are inequalities and existing power relations which are different. The existing debates are showing potentials and rationale of human rights based approaches as perceived in the development circles. To real engage in the debate as to whether rights based approach have any potential or has some shortcomings, a comparative analysis will be done with other traditional approaches which were used and in this case sustainable livelihoods and needs based approaches or charity. In relation to sustainable livelihoods it can be said that they can complement each other but it deals with the impact of entitlements whilst rights based deals more with what entitlements the marginalised people should have and focus more on the long run effect. This can highlight the potential made by rights based as compared to sustainable livelihoods approach. Another approach to be discussed is needs based, in which case it is mainly based on needs and even selective as to which needs are more important and will be addressed. Looking at a rights based approach it can be compared to a needs based and be found to be better for it addresses the root causes of the problem since rights are indivisible it deals with the situation as it is. A needs based approach no one has obligation and duty unlike in a rights based approach, it entails binding and moral obligations on the actors like government. The other fact about needs based approaches is that like sustainable livelihoods, it focuses on the short term just to address the needs but a right based looks at the long term. I strongly believe that rights based approaches to development has improved the situations and contributed a lot to development as a subject. In a rights based approach the subjects are empowered to claim for their own rights. A table inspired by Save the children will be dra wn to show this comparison, summarising the differences between rights based and needs based. It is not disputed that these are good contributions made by rights based approaches to development Inspired by Save the children and created by the author The comparative analysis has been done by various authors among them Jonsson from UNICEF stated when comparing needs based and rights based approaches to nutrition, â€Å"..the essence of the differences is that in the former beneficiaries have no active claims to ensure that their needs will be met, and there is no binding obligation or duty for anybody to meet these needs. In contrast, a rights based approach recognises beneficiaries as active subjects or claim -holders and establishes duties or obligations for those against whom a claim can be held.†(Jonsson 1999:49) From the above comparative analysis with other approaches or perspectives to development it can be safely concluded that human rights based approaches contributed significantly to development as a subject and has the potential of driving development works in a better direction for the betterment of the marginalised groups. After having dealt with a needs based approach to show the contributions made by rights based approach another comparative analysis is done with a charity based approach. This approach has been criticised because it give the impression that a problem has been solved, but it does not deal with the root causes as well and it does not give the beneficiaries the opportunity to make decisions. Rights based approach is rapidly trying and replacing this charity based to overcome the shortcomings. The table below also shows the different between charity and rights based approach to development Inspired by (Lisndstorm -Sarelim and Mustaniemi-Laakso.2007) and created by the author From the above table 2 it can be said the rights based approaches have contributed significantly to development as a subject. Despite the theoretical strength of this approach, it is also not free from shortcomings. The following section will explore the shortcomings of the approach without a specific context and juxtapose it with the potentials which will be grouped into four categories namely political, conceptual, organisational and strategic challenges and ideological as well as implementation. All this is done to address the issues as to whether rights based approaches have really contributed or is it is just a failure. Conceptual It can be said that rights based approaches sometimes suffer a number of conceptual difficulties, especially in the economic social and cultural spheres. As can be supported by John Farrington, â€Å"The difficulty of systematically incorporating a time frame in the consideration of right, so that for instance they do not illuminate environmental issues such as the appropriate rate of depletion of non-renewable resources. The difficulty of conceptualising an appropriate balance between rights and responsibilities and also the difficulty of defining when cultural specifications override wider good should require suspension of normal rights. The difficulties in resolving tensions among different levels at which rights are conceived†, (Farrington,2001:3) There is a progressive potential though, rights based approach did position development as being for everyone and not really focusing on the so called poorest people in society. It also gives some political issues into development in the issues be it problems and solutions. Organisational and strategic challenges Rights based approach can be said that it gives an organisation a hard time in that rights are indivisible, so they cannot prioritise since all rights are equally important and this is really difficult when the organisation has only limited resources to address the issues at stake. Another issues that in the process the staff is engaged in the politics at a greater stage than with other approaches. This can be against foreign policy and the organisations may compromise the humanitarian principle of neutrality and this can be dangerous to the staff. On the other hand it can be said the approach is a potential in that this is a holistic approach and can help the development agencies to deal with the root causes of the problem which in some situations would be authorities. It gives a clear planning to organisations. Political A rights based approach can be said to have a shortcoming in that it put on the state, as a duty bearer all the burden. And another contentious issue is of taking matters to the courts, in these instances it will be on individual basis and this undermines or destroys the collective struggles. Rights based approach in some instances might be too confrontational a method or a strategy and this takes away or removes the other approaches of negotiation. Again it can be regarded a potential as it gives and impose obligations also creates duty bearers. It makes the beneficiaries or rights holders to participate in programmes and play a role in the decisions that affect their lives. Its again strengthens the principle of equality and citizenship. Ideological Rights based approach can be said to be supporting the neoliberal agenda or ideas by emphasising on individualism. And the approach does not sometimes take into account different contexts and some ideas may not be good for a certain group of environment, they just applied equal everywhere. On the other hand it can be said rights based approach put development so as to address inequalities and fight discrimination of marginalised groups and address power relations through development on how to distribute resources. Rights based approach needs adequate resources to be implemented and this sometimes offer a major problem for there can be financial constraints After exploration of the potentials, shortcomings and the rationale for rights based approaches in a bid to address the issues as a way of self criticism within the approach, it is noble to provide some suggestion so as to take forward the goal and securing more progressive forms of development. Though it has been discussed that rights based approaches re-politicise development, it can be said that it is necessary for development actors to tackle the underlying causes of poverty and marginalised. Also when rights based approaches is focused, there is need to be defined and conceptualised well since there is room for diverse interpretation. I t is also suggested that there is need for self reflection of the rights based to understand the potentials and shortcomings as this will help to move this tool of human rights based approach from being theory into practice, or from theoretical arguments to evidence based arguments. Conclusion Rights based approach is here to stay and be implemented in development projects, however as highlighted in the essay it has made tremendous contributions to development as a subject by bringing into board the issues of accountability, duty bearers, participation of the citizens and dealing with the root causes of the problem. It again tries to address the inequalities from the power relations that exits in society. Like any other approach it also suffers shortcomings from the way it can be implemented, different contexts, political and ideological differences that exist as some portray it as a form of cultural imperialism and some sort of western hegemony. This writer was aware of the existing talks with regard to the approach and have decided to do a rundown of the approach looking into the contributions that has been made and also the shortcomings as a way of helping the various actors involved in development to know more about the approach so as to appreciate it as it is and work ing towards improving on the shortcomings highlighted. It was also intended to add to the existing debates as to whether rights based approaches have failed or not. References Ball O.2005 â€Å"Conclusion†, in P Gready Reinventing development? Translating rights-based approaches from theory into practice (PP278-300) Farrington J.2001, Sustainable Livelihoods, Rights and the New Architecture of Aid, Number 69, June 2001, The Overseas Development Institute. London Gready, P 2008 â€Å"Rights based approaches to development: What is the value added? Development in practice- oxford p74 Hickey S. and D Milton (eds) 2009 Rights Based Approaches to Development, Exploring the Potential and Pitfalls. Kumarian Press Jonsson U.1999 Historical Summary on the SCN Working Group on Nutrition, Ethics, and Human Rights.SCN News 18 July, special issue on Adequate Food: A Human Right:49-51 Lundstrom-Sarelin, A and M Mustaniemi-Laasko 2007 Human Rights Based Approach to Development; what is it all about? HRBA in development cooperation: change from needs based to rights based† 27. 09.2007 Nyamu -Musembi C and A Cornwall2004 â€Å"What is the rights based approach â€Å"all about: Perspectives from International development agencies, Sussex, England. Institute of Development Studies. Nyamu -Musembi.C2005 â€Å"An Actor-oriented Approach to Rights in Development†, IDS Bulletin, Volume 36 Number 1, January 2005 pp42. Petit Jand J Wheeler, Developing Rights? Relating Discourse to Context and Practice. Institute of development Studies Sepulveda M,T Van Banning D.Gudmundsclotter,C. Chamoun and WJM.Van Genungten(eds) 2004 Human Rights Reference Handbook, University of Peace. Theis J 2004 Promoting Rights Based Approaches, Experiences and Ideas from Asia and the Pacific. Save the children Sweden. Keen Publishing. Declaration on the Right to development, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in resolution 41/128 of 4 December 1986. CESCR (Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) 1999 International Technical Assistance Measures (article 2).CESCR General Comment Number 2.Geneva.CESCR.

Helping Beyond Our Borders Essay -- International Crime

There are currently 14 names on the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) â€Å"Most Wanted† list (USA for the International Criminal Court). This is the list of the individuals that are responsible for the most heinous crimes happening around the world. It is the goal of the ICC to find these criminals and bring them to justice. American Involvement in the International Criminal Court, designed to provide enforcement and prosecution for crimes against humanity, is critical to its success in fighting those who are responsible for the world’s worst crimes. The International Criminal Court was first established in 1998 when 120 countries voted to adopt the treaty outlining its structure. This treaty went into effect on July 1, 2002, and 108 countries have ratified it as of 2008. The goal of the ICC is to bring the most serious international war criminals to justice and stop crimes such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes (USA for the International Criminal Court). The involvement of the United States in the ICC has changed with each president in office. During the Clinton Administration, President Clinton participated in negotiations with the ICC and signed its statute in 2000. However, he did not ratify the treaty because he believed it to be flawed. Then, in 2002, the Bush Administration announced that it would no longer participate in any ICC activity and would not support the court when it was established (AMICC). Since then, the Obama Administration has changed the United States’ relationship with the ICC f rom that of hostility to positive support. Under Obama, the U.S. has supported international criminal justice and principled engagement with international institutions. The U.S., however, does not wish to become... ...fference. Aggressive prosecution aided by the strength the U.S. would add to the process, would help deter future events. There are many people behind all of these horrific crimes, and American involvement in the ICC is crucial to its success in bringing those individuals to justice. Works Cited American Non-Governmental Organization Coalition for the ICC. AMICC, 2012. Web. 12 Mar 2012. MacPhee, Briony. "The United States Should Be a Part of the International Criminal Court." American Non-Governmental Organizations Coalition for the International Criminal Court (AMICC), 2008. Gale Opposing Viewpoints. Web. 9 Mar 2012. "U.S. Influence Being Felt at International Criminal Court." America.gov Press Release. 16 Jun 2010. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 09 Mar 2012. USA for the International Criminal Court. Citizens for Global Solutions. Web. 12 Mar 2012.

The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Education Essay

This chapter outlines the methods and processs used to roll up informations, every bit good as how the collected information was analysed and besides the restrictions of the survey.2.1 Research designA research design maps as gum that holds the research survey together, structuring the survey and suiting together major research constituents such as sampling and steps in replying the research inquiries. In research, qualitative design and the quantitative design signifier the major types of research designs. Qualitative research design gives a complete description of peculiar phenomena for which the research worker seeks an account. This design is based on the point of view that all research is finally linked to qualitative research. Here, the research worker is extremely involved in the procedure, and the informations collected takes the signifier of words and objects ( Creswell, 2003 ) . Quantitative research aims at explicating everything in footings of 0 and I. It classifies, coun ts and creates statistical theoretical accounts to give accounts about peculiar happenings. Data aggregation tools such as questionnaires are used to roll up numerical informations. This research design consequences in precise measurings of objects under probe ( Creswell, 2003 ) . This survey used the quantitative research design which enabled the research worker to roll up informations from a big sample of schools in order to enable the findings to be generalised. In analyzing leading behavior of secondary school Curates, it was of import to utilize a big sample since there are many secondary schools in Mauritius. The information collected on the leading manners and instructors ‘ engagement in determination devising needed to be statistically correlated to find the impact of leading on collaborative determination devising. Therefore, it was important to utilize the quantitative research design to give informations that can be manipulated statistically.2.2 Population and sampleIn research, a population refers to topics whose properties are of involvement to the survey. It consists of the elements that the survey would wish to look into ( Creswell, 2003 ) . The secondary school population in the Republic of Mauritius is divided into five zones, harmonizin g to the Ministry of Education and Human Resources. The schools are farther categorised as State, Private Aided and Private Non-Aided. The entire figure of secondary schools in Mauritius is 182. For the intent of this research, the schools in Zone 5 ( Rodrigues ) were non included, every bit good as the Private Non-Aided schools. For this survey, the population was all secondary school instructors working in State and Private Aided schools of Mauritius. Under this population instructors were the respondents. This included all practising instructors and excluded all trained but non practising instructors. The sample is a little proportion or subset of the population. The importance of samples in research is the impracticableness of obtaining survey informations from all the elements of the population ( Creswell, 2003 ) . This present survey used a sample which is 15 per centum of the whole school population. The school population in this survey is 156 and therefore there were 23 schools that were sampled. This sample was divided among the zones on the footing of the figure of schools in the zone. This survey used a graded random sample to acquire to the respondent. In this sampling technique, the sample of schools is foremost divided into bunchs or groups. Here the bunchs were the four zones, whereby each zone constituted a bunch. The sample for each zone was based on the proportion of the schools in that zone relation to the entire figure of schools. Thus Zone 1, with 51 schools, had 8 schools doing it to the sample ; Zone 2, with 41 schools, had 6 schools ; Zone 3, with 34 schools, had 5 schools and Zone 4, with 30 schools, had 4 schools. Table 2.1 illustrates the sample of schools chosen.Table 2.1: Sample of schools per zoneZonePopulation Sample 1 51 8 2 41 6 3 34 5 4 30 415623 The sample was further divided amongst State and Private-Aided schools, based on the proportion of each in the corresponding zone relation to the entire figure of schools. The State and Private-Aided schools were so categorised harmonizing to students ‘ gender, viz. Girls, Boys and Mixed. Simple random sampling, utilizing a random figure generator, was so used to choose the 23 schools organizing portion of the sample.Table 2.2: Types of schools in sampleZoneSum Population Sample StatePrivateAIDEDState Private AIDED 1 51 23 28 3 5 2 41 19 22 3 3 3 34 12 22 2 3 4 30 15 15 2 215669 871013the sample size of 100 instructors has been obtained from the relation where N = N 1+ Ne2, where n= sample size, N = population size, e = border of mistake ; an mistake of 10 % has been considered here ( Pasigpasigan, 2007 ) . Table 2.3: Sample of instructors Population OF Teachers Sample OF Teachers Zone State Private AIDED Sum State Private AIDED 1 1145 1071 2216 16 15 2 907 971 1878 13 14 3 664 984 1648 9 14 4 723 551 1274 11 834393577701649512.3 Investigative TechniquesThe survey used questionnaires for informations aggregation. Questionnaires are rather cost- effectual and they can capture a big sample, while offering a agency of incorporating present findings with former similar surveies. They are the chief probe techniques used for big samples where quantitative informations is required. The survey employed this technique to roll up informations and this allowed for statistical use and generalization of the informations to the whole population. Questionnaires allow namelessness in response, thereby heightening informations quality and dependability. The questionnaire was structured in order to hold standard inquiries whose responses are predefined. This allowed for easy informations analysis, even though new stuff that the research worker may non be cognizant of can be omitted.2.4 InstrumentalityThe questionnaire used for the survey incorporated both the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire ( MLQ ) an d the Teacher Involvement and Participation Scale Questionnaire. The questionnaire is given in Appendix A.2.4.1 Multifactor Leadership QuestionnaireThis is a information aggregation instrument that measures leading manners. Respondents score their responses on the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Bass and Avolio ( 2000 ) crafted the MLQ from their full scope of leading theoretical accounts. Assorted trials have confirmed that MLQ is a good forecaster of leader public presentation and behavior. The MLQ scores leading behaviors on a graduated table from transactional to transformational manners of leading. This instrument was used to inquire instructors in Mauritius to give their sentiment on the leading manners used by their Curates. The altered MLQ instrument used for this survey excluded the steps for leading results since this would be measured by the T.I.P.S questionnaire. Therefore, alternatively of the usual 45 inquiries in the MLQ, the survey used 21 inquiries. Out of the 45 points, the questionnaire measures five transformational leading variables, three transactional variables, one variable of non- transactional leading and three result variables. The latest version of the MLQ questionnaire comes in two signifiers: the ego rater and rater signifier ( other people rate an person ) ( Bass and Avolio, 2006 ) . This survey used the rater signifier where the instructors will rate the Rectors in footings of their leading manners. Bass ( 2005 ) advances that transformational leading is based on five variables, as measured by the MLQ: Idealised Properties, Idealised Behaviours, Individualised Consideration, Intellectual Stimulation and Inspirational Motivation. The transactional leading variables or constituents are: Contingent Reward, Management by Exception ( Passive ) and Management by Exception ( Active ) . The result constituents measured are: Satisfaction with the leader, Extra attempt by Associates and Individual, Group, and Organisational Effectiveness. Laissez-Faire is the non-transactional constituent ( Bass and Avolio, 2006 ) . The MLQ is based on the 5 point Likert graduated table of 0 = Never to 4 = Frequently, if non ever. The MLQ has been applied extensively in research lab and field surveies of inactive / avoidant, transactional and transformational leading manners ( Bass and Avolio, 1994 ) . Harmonizing to Bass and Avolio ( 2006 ) , leading manners are non reciprocally sole since one individual can change his/her leading manners to accommodate different fortunes. Appendix B contains a description of all the constituents in the MLQ. Bass and Avolio ( 2000 ) progress that the MLQ has a dependability of 0.74 to 0.91 for each leading components that it measures. The tool has been used for 100s of surveies throughout the universe, both academic and commercial ( Bass and Avolio, 2006 ) . Lowe et Al. ( 1996 ) back up the cogency of MLQ through their survey of over 3 000 raters. It meets the rigorous cogency steps in research ( Trochim, 2005 ) . Appendix C contains Part B of the questionnaire and their variables within the MLQ model.2.4.2 Teacher Involvement and Participation Scale ( T.I.P.S )We started development by reexamining the literature on shared determination devising. Through the work of Conley and Bacharach ( 1990 ) , Sirotnik and Clark ( 1988 ) , David ( 1989 ) , and others, we discovered that execution of shared determination devising occurs across eight dimensions: Goals/Vision/Mission: the grade to which instructors are involved in bordering the ends and mission of the school. Facilitating Procedures and Structures: the grade to which instructors have equal clip, reduced learning tonss, releases from contracts and ordinances, and changed agendas to allow collegial work to happen. Curriculum/Instruction: the grade to which instructors participate in finding the school plan, course of study ends, text edition choice, educational stuffs, and schoolroom teaching method. Budgeting: the grade to which instructors participate in affairs related to planing and implementing the school budget. Staffing: the grade to which instructors are involved with the disposal in doing determinations such as recruiting, interviewing, hiring, and delegating staff. Staff Development: the grade to which instructors can plan and implement staff development activities that meet their ain demands. Operationss: the grade to which instructors are involved in pull offing the edifice ( its usage, betterment, and care ) . Standards: the grade to which instructors portion in puting criterions for their ain public presentation and for pupil public presentation and subject. Items on the TIPS 2 Instrument are rated on a Likert Scale from one to five bespeaking degree of teacher engagement in each determination during the past twelvemonth. ( The graduated table ranges from â€Å" Strongly Disagree † to â€Å" Strongly agree. † ) . TIPS has demonstrated high dependability and cogency for the instrument as a whole and in each of the dimensions..2.5 Data CollectionThe sample used in this survey comprises secondary school instructors. The questionnaire was distributed to the respondents during a two-week period and the respondents were given a farther three yearss to make full in the questionnaires. The respondents were issued difficult transcripts of the questionnaires in their schools and, for those who were comfy to react instantly, the questionnaires were filled and collected. Otherwise a reminder was sent in two yearss and agreements made when the questionnaire would be collected. Email questionnaires were besides issued to respondents who preferred to react via electronic mail. These schemes were put in topographic point to guarantee that information was obtained in good clip. Data was collected from the several schools at prearranged times.2.6 Data AnalysisThe questionnaires used in the survey yielded quantitative informations which can be analysed statistically. The information collected was analysed by the usage of statistical bundles Microsoft Excel and SPSS ( Statistical Package for Social Sciences ) . The analysis was done in the signifier of descriptive statistics, which enabled the basic description of the sample such as the figure and gender of respondents, their length of service and makings. The descriptive information statistics included frequence, steps of cardinal inclination ( average and manner ) , steps of fluctuation and standard divergence. The survey sought to look into the impact of leading behavior on collaborative determination devising. This was achieved through correlativity statistical steps to find the being of a relationship.2.7 Ethical ConsiderationsThere is increasing consciousness that the people on whom research is conducted have rights, and that research workers have duties and duties to these research topics ( Mc Neill and Chapman, 2005 ) . The respondents in the survey are human topics and this required a figure of steps to be put in topographic point to guarantee that the topics were protected. The instructors are peculiarly busy at this clip of the twelvemonth ( terminal of 3rd term ) and they do non hold sufficient clip to give to studies. The accent was laid on the importance of this survey in order to actuate the respondents. The instructors were allowed to maintain the questionnaires and respond at their ain convenience. The chief ethical issues that have been given due consideration during this research are given below. Informed consent: inform all participants that they are capable to the research undertaking and that they are free to decline to take part. aˆ? Misrepresentation: true information given to all participants about the intent of the research. aˆ? Confidentiality: identifying information about the topics will non be made available to anyone. aˆ? Anonymity: the individuality of each participant will stay unknown. aˆ? Hazards: no topic will be harmed physically or emotionally. For this current research, accent is laid on three of the above, viz. informed consent, confidentiality and namelessness. Since instructors are involved in this research, the anterior consent of their school Rectors has to be obtained through a missive detailing the exact nature and intent of the research. However, many Rectors did non desire their schools to be explicitly identified in the study. The instructors who are selected are given the warrant that their individuality will non be revealed to anyone. Since the survey involved a reappraisal of Curates by the instructors, this may hold caused the latter to react favorably or experience unbarred to reply truthfully for fright that they can be identified, despite being given the confidence of complete confidentiality. Finally all those take parting in the research have non been named anyplace in the study. Puting accent on the above ethical jobs is of paramount importance because if the respondents do non swear the research worker , so the cogency of the information collected will non reflect the world.2.8 BiassBiass ever find a manner into research surveies and convey damaging effects to the survey. The most elusive and harmful prejudices are those that the research worker is non cognizant of. The research worker and the respondents differ in many professional facets, chiefly in that the bulk of respondents have non obtained a postgraduate grade while the research worker is in the procedure of geting one. This may hold made the research worker to be insensitive to the demands and positions of the respondents. To understate this prejudice, the research worker worked closely with the respondents to understand their paradigm and readily offered elucidations on the intent of the research. The contents of the informations aggregation instruments were besides explained to the respondents when necessary.2.9 Premises of the surveyThe research worker assumed that the features of composing and size of the sample accur ately represent the population of the survey. It was besides assumed that the respondents had interacted long plenty in the secondary schools to understand their leader ‘s behavior. Finally it was assumed that the instructors were besides cognizant of the effects of their Rector ‘s leading manner on their engagement in determination devising as instructors.2.9.1 Restrictions of the surveyThe methodological analysis chosen in this survey has restrictions which may hold adversely affected the result of the research. The survey used the MLQ which is a standard questionnaire for mensurating the modern school of idea for leading behavior. It has besides used the T.I.P.S which is another standardized questionnaire. Some respondents were non able to reply all the inquiries as they may non hold been cognizant of or were non concerned plenty with the occurrences in their schools. This decreased the figure of duly filled questionnaires used for informations analysis. Besides, the standardised questionnaire did non capture other emergent positions or new thoughts on the inquiries that were asked, restricting the contextual profusion of the findings. The period of the school calendar twelvemonth for this survey is decidedly unfavorable since all instructors are busy with school scrutinies. Many respondents may hold answered at random due to the confining clip factor. In research, larger samples are better since they reflect more accurately the features of the population. This survey used a little sample to let the easiness of informations aggregation and analysis in order to run into the deadlines. The fiscal resources required to transport out such an extended survey covering the whole island were beyond the range of the research worker. Furthermore, the Private non-aided schools were non included in this survey since entree was non granted in many instances. This besides explains the size of the sample used by the research worker.

Murder or Punishment essays

Murder or Punishment essays Are you for or are you against the death penalty? This is a question often asked and highly debated by many Americans today. The death penalty is a very controversial issue with two distinct opposing views, with the pro side of the issue being the stronger of the two. There are many people who spend the majority of their live fighting for their side of this issue. From propaganda to speeches, to essays, society is filled with reasons to be pro or con the death penalty. It seems, to me, as though the reasons for being for capital punishment out weigh the competition by far. Sentencing a murderer to the death penalty is a good punishment that I support deeply because it brings justice and peace to the victims families and morally it is right. Being wrongfully accused of a murder is a terrible thing. That is why many people oppose the death penalty. They are afraid that by using this way of punishment, that many innocent people are being executed for crimes they didnt commit. Bill Ryan, a retired social worker from the Illinois Death Penalty Moratorium Project, says that the recent parade of pardoned men marching off of Death Row, 13 in the past two years to be exact, has triggered the large movement on this issue( End). Just the thought of being sentenced to death for not doing anything wrong is absurd and not comprehensible to most individuals. Even though there is a minute possibility for this to happen, abolitionists continue to harp on it. With all of the DNA testing, the appeals, and the fact that the suspect has to be proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, the chances for this scenario to happen are continuing to decipate. Even though death row inmates have been released, it doesnt mean that they were innoc ent. One reason the death penalty is an acceptable disciplinary act is because it brings justice and peace to the victims family. Just imagin ...

Rabbit Proof Fence Vs. Fahrenheit 451 Essays

Rabbit Proof Fence Vs. Fahrenheit 451 Essays Rabbit Proof Fence Vs. Fahrenheit 451 Essay Rabbit Proof Fence Vs. Fahrenheit 451 Essay it was a countrywide news, everybody knew of their escape. In the book Fahrenheit 451 , Claries and Montage develop a friendly relationship. They talk about ideas and thoughts in a way that no one in this society seems to do anymore. Because of Clavicles influence, Montage grows more concerned about his own life. Then one day, Claries disappears and Montage is troubled. Work troubles him even more, for he must participate in burning an old womans home. Refusing to eave her books and her belongings, she lights her own fire and stays inside, dying a martyr. Montage is moved by the womans bravery and sees it as a symbol of what is wrong with society. Almost in protest, he steals a book from the womans house. The sun burnt every day. It burnt Time Time was busy burning the years and the people anyway, without any help from him. So if he burnt things with the firemen and the sun burnt Time, that meant that everything burnt! (Bradbury 53) This quote shows Montage muses about the mystical nature of fire and the charm it captures for people. Montage turns Beautys philosophy against himself by turning the flamethrower on his boss, imposing death. In both the movie and the book we see that the main character stands up to what they believe is right. Molly and Montague go against the society they live in, thinking for themselves and doing what THEY want not what the society wants them to do, going against rules. However by going against the rules they show their bravery, because they werent aware of the consequences they have if they did it By Panasonic

Speech, Language and the Developing Child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Speech, Language and the Developing Child - Essay Example Motherese is something that parents do with their children, perhaps not even realizing that they are doing it. They repeat their child, often substituting other words to the sentence, use a higher pitch to their voice, use simple sentences that the child can understand, and use grammatically correct language that their child then embraces and adds to their own vocabulary. This, working in concert with simple words and sentences, creates early conversational skills that the child can then expand upon in order to acquire more knowledge of how to communicate. Using a stage approach may not sit well with some people, for it limits what a child should know at a certain time. Children are pigeon-holed into a stage depending solely on their age, and not necessarily on their ability. If you believe that children should be free to learn at their own pace, then a staged approach isn’t for you. On the other hand, stages are clear markers of where a child should be, making it very obvious when a child would need extra help in order to catch up to his peers.

Introduction to Comparative Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to Comparative Politics - Essay Example However, the ignored internal dynamics within the Chinese and Russian economies do have a direct impact on the regime stability in these countries.3 A lopsided distribution of the national wealth, corruption and a marked regional in-equilibrium in terms of economic development, do have the potential of disturbing political stability in China.4 At the same time, the ongoing economic meltdown and the 2008 oil price crisis had a dwindling impact on the popular support enjoyed by the Russian regime. Both these countries have embarked on an era of economic growth. However, the inbuilt flaws inherent in the politico-economic setup of these nations and external influences and pressures, are making the regimes in these countries rethink their growth strategies. There is no denying the fact that the above discussed internal and external socio-economic issues are quiet pivotal to the regime stability in China and Russia. The seven year (1991-1998) economic transition from the Soviet style centralized economy to a free market economy in Russia was tragically marked by chaos and instability. In the years of Boris Yeltsin, the Russian GDP dwindled by almost 30 percent.5 The inflation rates soared to new heights, resting at 20 percent by the late 90s.6 This deprived the Russian masses of their savings and purchasing power. The quality of life of the Russian people deteriorated on all parameters.7 This dire situation was further aggravated by a massive capital flight from Russia.8 This economic fiasco had a direct bearing on the popular support enjoyed by President Boris Yeltsin. People soon started to get critical of one’s ill conceived and poorly executed economic policies. However, things started to improve in 1999, with the change of regime in Russia. An ambitious growth in GDP translating into increased real wages and better standards of living and lower levels of poverty, garnered ample supp ort for President Putin, till the dwindling of oil prices